ArticleGenes and immunity2009
Dramatically reduced surface expression of NK cell receptor KIR2DS3 is attributed to multiple residues throughout the molecule.
Article in Genes and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2018Pooled it
- Integrative Roles of NK Receptors and γδ TCRs in γδ T Cell-Mediated Cancer Immunity.Immune network · 2026Review
- Combined flow cytometry natural killer immunophenotyping and KIR/HLA-C genotyping reveal remarkable differences in acute myeloid leukemia patients, but suggest an overall impairment of the natural killer response.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Epitope characterization of a monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes KIR2DL1 allotypes.HLA · 2022Article
- KIR in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Need for a Unified Paradigm for Donor Selection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Association analysis of KIR/HLA genotype with liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and NUC freedom in chronic hepatitis B patients.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The combinatorial diversity of KIR and HLA class I allotypes in Peninsular Malaysia.Immunology · 2021Article
- High-Resolution Analysis Identifies High Frequency ofFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- KIR Variation in Iranians Combines High Haplotype and Allotype Diversity With an Abundance of Functional Inhibitory Receptors.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Natural killer cells: From surface receptors to the cure of high-risk leukemia (Ceppellini Lecture).HLA · 2019Review
- Killer Ig-Like Receptors (KIRs): Their Role in NK Cell Modulation and Developments Leading to Their Clinical Exploitation.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Different Selected Mechanisms Attenuated the Inhibitory Interaction of KIR2DL1 with C2Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- KIR2DS5 allotypes that recognize the C2 epitope of HLA-C are common among Africans and absent from Europeans.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2017Article
- The Clinical Features of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infections Are Associated with Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes and Their Expression on the Surface of Natural Killer Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Article
- Modulation of Human Leukocyte Antigen-C by Human Cytomegalovirus Stimulates KIR2DS1 Recognition by Natural Killer Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Activating KIR2DS4 Is Expressed by Uterine NK Cells and Contributes to Successful Pregnancy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and ligands and their role in hematologic malignancies.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Review
- Skin Cancer Risk Is Modified by KIR/HLA Interactions That Influence the Activation of Natural Killer Immune Cells.Cancer research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Using flow cytometry, fluorescent microscopy and examination of receptor glycosylation status, we demonstrate that an entire killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) locus (KIR2DS3)--assumed earlier to be surface expressed--appears to have little appreciable surface expression in transfected cells. This phenotype was noted for receptors encoded by three allelic variants including the common KIR2DS3*001 allele. Comparing the surface expression of KIR2DS3 with that of the better-studied KIR2DS1 molecule in two different cell lines, mutational analysis identified multiple polymorphic amino-acid residues that significantly alter the proportion of molecules present on the cell surface. A simultaneous substitution of five residues localized to the leader peptide (residues -18 and -7), second domain (residues 123 and 150) and transmembrane region (residue 234) was required to restore KIR2DS3 to the expression level of KIR2DS1. Corresponding simultaneous substitutions of KIR2DS1 to the KIR2DS3 residues resulted in a dramatically decreased surface expression. Molecular modeling was used to predict how these substitutions contribute to this phenotype. Alterations in receptor surface expression are likely to affect the balance of immune cell signaling impacting the characteristics of the response to pathogens or malignancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.