ArticleJournal of virology2009
A single amino acid substitution in a segment of the CA protein within Gag that has similarity to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 blocks infectivity of a human endogenous retrovirus K provirus in the human genome.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strict retroelement regulation is frequently lost following cancer transformation and generates a promising reservoir of cancer biomarkers.Mobile DNA · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Regulation in Primary CNS Tumors: An Opportunity to Bridge Old and New WHO Classifications.Cancers · 2023Review
- Origins and evolutionary consequences of ancient endogenous retroviruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2019Review
- Downregulation of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K (HERV-K) ViralClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Article
- Molecular mechanisms by which HERV-K Gag interferes with HIV-1 Gag assembly and particle infectivity.Retrovirology · 2017Article
- Expression of human endogenous retrovirus-K is strongly associated with the basal-like breast cancer phenotype.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- HERV-K HML-2 diversity among humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K (HERV-K) Particles Package and Transmit HERV-K-Related Sequences.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Modulation of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) transcription during persistent and de novo HIV-1 infection.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Variant splicing and influence of ionizing radiation on human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) transcripts in cancer cell lines.PloS one · 2013Article
- Detection of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K (HERV-K) Transcripts in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.Frontiers in oncology · 2013Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus K Gag coassembles with HIV-1 Gag and reduces the release efficiency and infectivity of HIV-1.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Identification of the protease cleavage sites in a reconstituted Gag polyprotein of an HERV-K(HML-2) element.Retrovirology · 2011Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus K106 (HERV-K106) was infectious after the emergence of anatomically modern humans.PloS one · 2011Article
- Reconstitution of the ancestral glycoprotein of human endogenous retrovirus k and modulation of its functional activity by truncation of the cytoplasmic domain.Journal of virology · 2009Article
- An alternative approach to medical genetics based on modern evolutionary biology. Part 2: retroviral symbiosis.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2009Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) is the most intact retrovirus in the human genome. However, no single HERV-K provirus in the human genome today appears to be infectious. Since the Gag protein is the central component for the production of retrovirus particles, we investigated the abilities of Gag from two HERV-K proviruses to support production of virus-like particles and viral infectivity. HERV-K113 has full-length open reading frames for all viral proteins, while HERV-K101 has a full-length gag open reading frame and is expressed in human male germ cell tumors. The Gag of HERV-K101 allowed production of viral particles and infectivity, although at lower levels than observed with a consensus sequence Gag. Thus, including HERV-K109, at least two HERV-K proviruses in human genome today have functional Gag proteins. In contrast, HERV-K113 Gag supported only very low levels of particle production, and no infectivity was detectable due to a single amino acid substitution (I516M) near the extreme C terminus of the CA protein within Gag. The sequence of this portion of HERV-K CA showed similarities to that of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other primate immunodeficiency viruses. The extreme C terminus of CA may be a general determinant of retrovirus particle production. In addition, precise mapping of the defects in HERV-K proviruses as was done here identifies the key polymorphisms that need to be analyzed to assess the possible existence of infectious HERV-K alleles within the human population.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.