ArticleJournal of virology2009
A mechanism to explain the selection of the hepatitis e antigen-negative mutant during chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Precore mutation enhances viral replication to facilitate persistent infection especially in HBeAg-negative patients.Virologica Sinica · 2024Pooled it
- Hepatitis B virus kinetics under antiviral therapy sheds light on differences in hepatitis B e antigen positive and negative infections.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Pooled it
- The Complex Role of HBeAg and Its Precursors in the Pathway to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Viruses · 2023Review
- Review
- HBeAg Is Indispensable for Inducing Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Activation by Hepatitis B Virus.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Biological Characterization of Hepatitis B virus Genotypes: Their Role in Viral Replication and Antigen Expression.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Designing a therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine to circumvent immune tolerance.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Is the function of the HBeAg really unknown?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
- Clinical implication and viral mutation in basal core promoter/pre-core of hepatitis B virus C/D recombinant.Hepatology international · 2018Article
- Immunomodulatory Function of HBeAg Related to Short-Sighted Evolution, Transmissibility, and Clinical Manifestation of Hepatitis B Virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in Viral Hepatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Adaptive evolution of proteins in hepatitis B virus during divergence of genotypes.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Short-Sighted Virus Evolution and a Germline Hypothesis for Chronic Viral Infections.Trends in microbiology · 2017Review
- Review
- Glucose-regulated protein 78 demonstrates antiviral effects but is more suitable for hepatocellular carcinoma prevention in hepatitis B.Virology journal · 2017Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathology, Model Systems, and Current Therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Mechanism of Hepatitis B Virus Persistence in Hepatocytes and Its Carcinogenic Potential.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Review
- Clearing Persistent Extracellular Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus: An Immunomodulatory Strategy To Reverse Tolerance for an Effective Therapeutic Vaccination.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Differential Expression of CX3CL1 in Hepatitis B Virus-Replicating Hepatoma Cells Can Affect the Migration Activity of CX3CR1+ Immune Cells.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Molecular biology of hepatitis B virus infection.Virology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) expresses two structural forms of the nucleoprotein, the intracellular nucleocapsid (hepatitis core antigen [HBcAg]) and the secreted nonparticulate form (hepatitis e antigen [HBeAg]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of HBcAg- and HBeAg-specific genetic immunogens to induce HBc/HBeAg-specific CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell immune responses and the potential to induce liver injury in HBV-transgenic (Tg) mice. Both the HBcAg- and HBeAg-specific plasmids primed comparable immune responses. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were important for priming/effector functions of HBc/HBeAg-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. However, a unique two-step immunization protocol was necessary to elicit maximal CTL priming. Genetic vaccination did not prime CTLs in HBe- or HBc/HBeAg-dbl-Tg mice but elicited a weak CTL response in HBcAg-Tg mice. When HBc/HBeAg-specific CTLs were adoptively transferred into HBc-, HBe-, and HBc/HBeAg-dbl-Tg mice, the durations of the liver injury and inflammation were significantly greater in HBeAg-Tg recipient mice than in HBcAg-Tg mice. Importantly, liver injury in HBc/HBeAg-dbl-Tg mice was similar to the injury observed in HBeAg-Tg mice. Loss of HBeAg synthesis commonly occurs during chronic HBV infection; however, the mechanism of selection of HBeAg-negative variants is unknown. The finding that hepatocytes expressing wild-type HBV (containing both HBcAg and HBeAg) are more susceptible to CTL-mediated clearance than hepatocytes expressing only HBcAg suggest that the HBeAg-negative variant may have a selective advantage over wild-type HBV within the livers of patients with chronic infection during an immune response and may represent a CTL escape mutant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.