ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2009
High dead-space syringes and the risk of HIV and HCV infection among injecting drug users.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Community viral load and hepatitis C virus infection: Community viral load measures to aid public health treatment efforts and program evaluation.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2020Pooled it
- Risk of window period HIV infection in high infectious risk donors: systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2011Pooled it
- Risk of window period hepatitis-C infection in high infectious risk donors: systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2011Pooled it
- Prevalence and correlates of multiple injections per injection episode among people who inject drugs in rural U.S. communities.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- The Effectiveness of Low Dead Space Syringes for Reducing the Risk of Hepatitis C Virus Acquisition Among People Who Inject Drugs: Findings From a National Survey in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Detachable low dead space syringes for the prevention of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Bristol, UK: an economic evaluation.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Co-design of harm reduction materials for people who inject drugs to implement research findings.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
- Using Baidu Search Engine to Monitor AIDS Epidemics Inform for Targeted intervention of HIV/AIDS in China.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Heroin type, injecting behavior, and HIV transmission. A simulation model of HIV incidence and prevalence.PloS one · 2019Article
- Usage of low dead space syringes and association with hepatitis C prevalence amongst people who inject drugs in the UK.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Observational
- The opioid epidemic and injection drug use: MIPIE and health harms related to the injection of prescription opioids.The International journal on drug policy · 2018Article
- Cross-border migration and initiation of others into drug injecting in Tijuana, Mexico.Drug and alcohol review · 2018Article
- Multiple injections per injection episode: High-risk injection practice among people who injected pills during the 2015 HIV outbreak in Indiana.The International journal on drug policy · 2018Article
- Recovery of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus From Injection Paraphernalia: Implications for Prevention Programs Serving People Who Inject Drugs.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Options for reducing HIV transmission related to the dead space in needles and syringes.Harm reduction journal · 2018Article
- The HIV-1 transmission bottleneck.Retrovirology · 2017Article
- Acceptability of low dead space syringes and implications for their introduction: A qualitative study in the West of England.The International journal on drug policy · 2017Article
- Event-level analyses of sex-risk and injection-risk behaviors among nonmedical prescription opioid users.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2016Article
- A needle in the haystack--the dire straits of needle exchange in Hungary.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Fire in the vein: Heroin acidity and its proximal effect on users' health.The International journal on drug policy · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study examines the association between using and sharing high dead-space syringes (HDSSs)--which retain over 1000 times more blood after rinsing than low dead-space syringes (LDSSs)--and prevalent HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among injecting drug users (IDUs). A sample of 851 out-of-treatment IDUs was recruited in Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, between 2003 and 2005. Participants were tested for HIV and HCV antibodies. Demographic, drug use, and injection practice data were collected via interviews. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Participants had a mean age of 40 years and 74% are male, 63% are African American, 29% are non-Hispanic white, and 8% are of other race/ethnicity. Overall, 42% of participants had ever used an HDSS and 12% had shared one. HIV prevalence was 5% among IDUs who had never used an HDSS compared with 16% among IDUs who had shared one. The HIV model used a propensity score approach to adjust for differences between IDUs who had used an HDSS and those who had never used one. The HCV models included all potential confounders as covariates. A history of sharing HDSSs was associated with prevalent HIV (odds ratio=2.50; 95% confidence interval=1.01, 6.15). Use and sharing of HDSSs were also associated with increased odds of HCV infection. Prospective studies are needed to determine if sharing HDSSs is associated with increased HIV and HCV incidence among IDUs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.