ReviewThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2008
Vaginal microbicides and the prevention of HIV transmission.
Review in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Vaginal microbicides for reducing the risk of sexual acquisition of HIV infection in women: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2012Pooled it
- HIV transmission risk through anal intercourse: systematic review, meta-analysis and implications for HIV prevention.International journal of epidemiology · 2010Pooled it
- Sustained release and efficacy of Kn2-7-loaded chitosan nanoparticles under low pH conditions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Enzyme Responsive Vaginal Microbicide Gels Containing Maraviroc and Tenofovir Microspheres Designed for Acid Phosphatase-Triggered Release for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV-1: A Comparative Analysis of a Bigel and Thermosensitive Gel.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A Fast and Convenient Synthesis of New Water-Soluble, Polyanionic Dendrimers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Development, Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Rectal Suppositories Containing Combination Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV Prevention.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Article
- Smart Freeze-Dried Bigels for the Prevention of the Sexual Transmission of HIV by Accelerating the Vaginal Release of Tenofovir during Intercourse.Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- A High-throughput Bead-based Affinity Assay Enables Analysis of Genital Protein Signatures in Women At Risk of HIV Infection.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2019Article
- Protection Efficacy of C5A Against Vaginal and Rectal HIV Challenges in Humanized Mice.The open virology journal · 2018Article
- Prevention of vaginal and rectal HIV transmission by antiretroviral combinations in humanized mice.PloS one · 2017Article
- Pseudo-Mannosylated DC-SIGN Ligands as Immunomodulants.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- In Vitro Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants against Streptococcal, Chlamydial, and Gonococcal Infective Agents.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Article
- Prevention of vaginal and rectal herpes simplex virus type 2 transmission in mice: mechanism of antiviral action.International journal of nanomedicine · 2016Article
- A Multiple siRNA-Based Anti-HIV/SHIV Microbicide Shows Protection in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Models.PloS one · 2015Article
- Combination HIV prevention interventions: the potential of integrated behavioral and biomedical approaches.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2014Review
- Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lactic acid nanocarrier-based degradable hydrogels for restoring the vaginal microenvironment.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2014Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Worldwide, nearly half of all individuals living with HIV are now women, who acquire the virus largely by heterosexual exposure. With an HIV vaccine likely to be years away, topical microbicide formulations applied vaginally or rectally are being investigated as another strategy for HIV prevention. A review of preclinical and clinical research on the development of microbicides formulated to prevent vaginal HIV transmission yielded 118 studies: 73 preclinical and 45 clinical. Preclinical research included in-vitro assays and cervical explant models, as well as animal models. Clinical research included phase I and II/IIb safety studies, and phase III efficacy studies. Whereas most phase I and phase II clinical trials have found microbicide compounds to be safe and well tolerated, phase III trials completed to date have not demonstrated efficacy in preventing HIV transmission. Topical microbicides are grouped into five classes of agents, based on where they disrupt the pathway of sexual transmission of HIV. These classes include surfactants/membrane disruptors, vaginal milieu protectors, viral entry inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and a fifth group whose mechanism is unknown. The trajectory of microbicide development has been toward agents that block more specific virus-host cell interactions. Microbicide clinical trials face scientifically and ethically complex issues, such as the choice of placebo gel, the potential for viral resistance, and the inclusion of HIV-infected participants. Assessment of combination agents will most likely advance this field of research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.