ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2008
Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Body mass index and breast cancer risk according to postmenopausal estrogen-progestin use and hormone receptor status.Epidemiologic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Effect of body mass index on breast cancer during premenopausal and postmenopausal periods: a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Overweight, Obesity, and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA oncology · 2015Trial
- Conjugated equine oestrogen and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: extended follow-up of the Women's Health Initiative randomised placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2012Trial
- Tracking Epigenetic Biomarkers of Health and Aging During the Initial Year of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Trajectories of body mass index in adulthood and risk of subtypes of postmenopausal breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Use of postmenopausal hormone therapies and risk of histology- and hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: results from a 15-year prospective analysis of NIH-AARP cohort.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2020Observational
- Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: effect modification by body mass through life.European journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Epidemiologic Risk Factors for In Situ and Invasive Breast Cancers Among Postmenopausal Women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: what is the true size of the increased risk?British journal of cancer · 2016Article
- Duration of Adulthood Overweight, Obesity, and Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative: A Longitudinal Study from the United States.PLoS medicine · 2016Article
- Postmenopausal Female Hormone Use and Estrogen Receptor-Positive and -Negative Breast Cancer in African American Women.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2016Article
- Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to and prevented by the use of menopausal hormone therapy.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health · 2015Article
- Reproducibility of an assay to measure serum progesterone metabolites that may be related to breast cancer risk using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation · 2015Article
- Prediagnostic Sex Steroid Hormones in Relation to Male Breast Cancer Risk.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2015Article
- Lobular breast cancer: incidence and genetic and non-genetic risk factors.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2015Review
- Risk of breast cancer after stopping menopausal hormone therapy in the E3N cohort.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2014Article
- Use of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of ductal and lobular breast cancer among women 55-74 years of age.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2014Article
- Cigarette smoking and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort.British journal of cancer · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResults from the Women's Health Initiative trial raise new questions regarding the effects of estrogen therapy (ET) and estrogen plus progestin therapy (EPT) on breast cancer risk.
methodsWe analyzed data from 126,638 females, ages 50 to 71 years at baseline, who completed two questionnaires (1995--1996 and 1996--1997) as part of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Cohort Study and in whom 3,657 incident breast cancers were identified through June 30, 2002. Hormone-associated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of breast cancer were estimated via multivariable regression models.
resultsAmong thin women (body mass index < 25 kg/m2), ET use was associated with a significant 60% excess risk after 10 years of use. EPT was associated with a significantly increased risk among women with intact uteri, with the highest risk among current, long-term (> or = 10 years) users (RR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.13-2.79). These risks were slightly higher when progestins were prescribed continuously than sequentially (< 15 days/mo; respective RRs of 2.76 versus 2.01). EPT associations were strongest in thin women, but elevated risks persisted among heavy women. EPT use was strongly related to estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors, requiring consideration of this variable when assessing relationships according to other clinical features. For instance, ER- ductal tumors were unaffected by EPT use, but all histologic subgroups of ER+ tumors were increased, especially low-grade and mixed ductal-lobular tumors.
conclusionsBoth ET and EPT were associated with breast cancer risks with the magnitude of increase varying according to body mass and clinical characteristics of the tumors.
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