ArticlePloS one2008
Anopheles gambiae APL1 is a family of variable LRR proteins required for Rel1-mediated protection from the malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei.
Article in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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50 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Advances in the dissection of Anopheles-Plasmodium interactions.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- The molecular toll pathway repertoire in anopheline mosquitoes.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2025Article
- The Molecular Toll Pathway Repertoire in Anopheline Mosquitoes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The Anopheles leucine-rich repeat protein APL1C is a pathogen binding factor recognizing Plasmodium ookinetes and sporozoites.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- A zone-of-inhibition assay to screen for humoral antimicrobial activity in mosquito hemolymph.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Genetics and immunity of Anopheles response to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae overlap with immunity to Plasmodium.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Gene copy number and function of the APL1 immune factor changed during Anopheles evolution.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Disruption of mosGILT in Anopheles gambiae impairs ovarian development and Plasmodium infection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Article
- Leucine-Rich Immune Factor APL1 Is Associated With Specific Modulation of Enteric Microbiome Taxa in the Asian Malaria MosquitoFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Transcriptional Profile ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- TheeLife · 2017Article
- Role of NF-kβ factor Rel2 during Plasmodium falciparum and bacterial infection in Anopheles dirus.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- High susceptibility of wild Anopheles funestus to infection with natural Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes using membrane feeding assays.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- An Evolution-Based Screen for Genetic Differentiation between Anopheles Sister Taxa Enriches for Detection of Functional Immune Factors.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- An overview of malaria transmission from the perspective of Amazon Anopheles vectors.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2015Review
- Antiviral immunity of Anopheles gambiae is highly compartmentalized, with distinct roles for RNA interference and gut microbiota.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Hemozoin activates the innate immune system and reduces Plasmodium berghei infection in Anopheles gambiae.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe previously identified by genetic mapping an Anopheles gambiae chromosome region with strong influence over the outcome of malaria parasite infection in nature. Candidate gene studies in the genetic interval, including functional tests using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, identified a novel leucine-rich repeat gene, APL1, with functional activity against P. berghei. PRINCIPAL
findingsManual reannotation now reveals APL1 to be a family of at least 3 independently transcribed genes, APL1A, APL1B, and APL1C. Functional dissection indicates that among the three known APL1 family members, APL1C alone is responsible for host defense against P. berghei. APL1C functions within the Rel1-Cactus immune signaling pathway, which regulates APL1C transcript and protein abundance. Gene silencing of APL1C completely abolishes Rel1-mediated host protection against P. berghei, and thus the presence of APL1C is required for this protection. Further highlighting the influence of this chromosome region, allelic haplotypes at the APL1 locus are genetically associated with and have high explanatory power for the success or failure of P. berghei parasite infection.
conclusionsAPL1C functions as a required transducer of Rel1-dependent immune signal(s) to efficiently protect mosquitoes from P. berghei infection, and allelic genetic haplotypes of the APL1 locus display distinct levels of susceptibility and resistance to P. berghei.
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