ArticleBlood2009
Distinctive localization of antigen-presenting cells in human lymph nodes.
Article in Blood, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage heterogeneity in human secondary lymphoid organs.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Adrenergic nerves regulate B cell responses to large antigens through modulation of lymph node permeability.Research square · 2026Article
- Temporal molecular remodeling of T cells informs their possible adaptation in 4T1 tumors.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Site-dependent differences and common features of lymph node architecture, with special reference to the distribution of nodal dendritic cells and macrophages: a cadaveric study.Anatomy & cell biology · 2025Article
- Medullary stromal cells define small intestinal lymph node identity in humans and mice.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Plasticity of T Cells Informs Their Possible Adaptation in 4T1 Tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Natural and induced immune responses in oral cavity and saliva.BMC immunology · 2025Review
- Viral Infection and Dissemination Through the Lymphatic System.Microorganisms · 2025Review
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- An Organotypic Human Lymph Node Model Reveals the Importance of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells for Dendritic Cell Function.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Article
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- Monocyte-derived dendritic cells can be detected in urine of kidney transplant recipients with pathogenic asymptomatic bacteriuria.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Article
- Blood immunophenotyping of multiple sclerosis patients at diagnosis identifies a classical monocyte subset associated to disease evolution.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Tick bite-induced Alpha-Gal Syndrome and Immunologic Responses in an Alpha-Gal Deficient Murine Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Localization of macrophages and dendritic cells in human thoracic lymph nodes: An immunohistochemical study using surgically obtained specimens.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Tick bite-induced alpha-gal syndrome and immunologic responses in an alpha-gal deficient murine model.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The multiple roles of C-type lectin receptors in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Tolerogenic IDO1International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are sentinel cells of the immune system that present antigen to T lymphocytes and mediate an appropriate immune response. It is therefore surprising that knowledge of the professional APCs in human lymph nodes is limited. Using 3-color immunohistochemistry, we have identified APCs in human lymph nodes, excluding plasmacytoid APCs, that fall into 2 nonoverlapping classes: (1) CD209+ APCs, coexpressing combinations of CD206, CD14, and CD68, that occupied the medullary cords, lined the capsule and trabeculae and were also scattered throughout the diffuse T-lymphocyte areas of the paracortex; and (2) APCs expressing combinations of CD1a, CD207, and CD208, that were always restricted to the paracortex. Surprisingly, this second class of APCs was almost entirely absent from many lymph nodes. Our data suggest that most CD208+ cells, often referred to as "interdigitating cells," derive from migratory APCs, and that the major APC subset consistently resident in the paracortex of human lymph nodes is the CD209+ subset. All APC subsets were demonstrated to be in close contact with the fibroreticular network. The identification of 2 distinct APC populations in the paracortex of human lymph nodes has important implications for understanding T-lymphocyte responses and optimizing vaccine design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.