ArticleJournal of virology2009
Differential expression of the CXCR3 ligands in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and their modulation by HCV in vitro.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Danoprevir monotherapy decreases inflammatory markers in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2011Trial
- Distinct inflammatory imprint in non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients before and after direct-acting antiviral therapy.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2025Article
- Incomplete elimination of viral genomes is associated with chronic inflammation in nonhuman primate livers after AAV-mediated gene transfer.Gene therapy · 2025Article
- Circulating chemokine levels and receptor polymorphisms have potential as biomarkers for fibrosis stages in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- CCR5+ T-Cells Homed to the Liver Exhibit Inflammatory and Profibrogenic Signatures in Chronic HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients.Viruses · 2021Article
- Vesicular trafficking permits evasion of cGAS/STING surveillance during initial human papillomavirus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Intrahepatic CXCL10 is strongly associated with liver fibrosis in HIV-Hepatitis B co-infection.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C?Journal of immunology research · 2019Review
- Viperin is an important host restriction factor in control of Zika virus infection.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Predictive Value of Serum IFN-γ inducible Protein-10 and IFN-γ/IL-4 Ratio for Liver Fibrosis Progression in CHB Patients.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Chemoattractant Receptors BLT1 and CXCR3 Regulate Antitumor Immunity by Facilitating CD8+ T Cell Migration into Tumors.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Chemokine receptor CXCR3 in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): cloning, characterization and its responses to lipopolysaccharide.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2016Article
- FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Hepatic Fibrosis and Splenomegaly Caused by Schistosoma japonicum: The Spleen May Be a Major Source of Tregs in Subjects with Splenomegaly.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- The role of chemokines in hepatitis C virus-mediated liver disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2014Review
- Direct, interferon-independent activation of the CXCL10 promoter by NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 during hepatitis C virus infection.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- The role of chemokines in acute and chronic hepatitis C infection.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2014Review
- Independent, parallel pathways to CXCL10 induction in HCV-infected hepatocytes.Journal of hepatology · 2013Article
- Parallel increase of circulating CXCL11 and CXCL10 in mixed cryoglobulinemia, while the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 is associated with high serum Th2 chemokine CCL2.Clinical rheumatology · 2013Article
- HIV and co-infections.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- Innate immune responses in hepatitis C virus infection.Seminars in immunopathology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To investigate chemokine expression networks in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we used microarray analysis to determine chemokine expression in human infection and in chimpanzees experimentally infected with HCV. The CXCR3 chemokine family was highly expressed in both human and chimpanzee infection. CXCL10 was the only CXCR3 chemokine elevated in the serum, suggesting that it may neutralize any CXCR3 chemokine gradient established between the periphery and liver by CXCL11 and CXCL9. Thus, CXCR3 chemokines may not be responsible for recruitment of T lymphocytes but may play a role in positioning these cells within the liver. The importance of the CXCR3 chemokines, in particular CXCL11, was highlighted by replicating HCV (JFH-1) to selectively upregulate its expression in response to gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). This selective upregulation was confirmed at the transcriptional level by using the CXCL11 promoter driving the luciferase reporter gene. This synergistic increase in expression was not a result of HCV protein expression but the nonspecific innate response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), as both in vitro-transcribed HCV RNA and the dsRNA analogue poly(I:C) increased CXCL11 expression and promoter activity. Furthermore, we show that CXCL11 is an IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) response gene whose expression is selectively enhanced by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. In conclusion, the CXCR3 chemokines are the most significantly expressed chemokines in chronic hepatitis C and most likely play a role in positioning T cells in the liver. Furthermore, HCV can selectively increase CXCL11 expression in response to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulation that may play a role in the pathogenesis of HCV-related liver disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.