ArticleJournal of virology2009
Exosomes packaging APOBEC3G confer human immunodeficiency virus resistance to recipient cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor exosomes impact functional hallmarks of cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles in viral disease management.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles: Antiviral functions and applications in therapeutics and vaccines.iScience · 2025Review
- Sex-specific mitochondrial DNA changes in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles of African American adults: impact of HIV infection and smoking.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
- Review
- Exosomes at the crossroads of HIV-1 pathogenesis and therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Oncoviral Infections and Small Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pandemic Viral Infections.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Defects of mitochondria-lysosomes communication induce secretion of mitochondria-derived vesicles and drive chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Liver-derived extracellular vesicles improve whole-body glycaemic control via inter-organ communication.Nature metabolism · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Mode of Viral Propagation Exploited by Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Nanoarchitectonics-based electrochemical aptasensors for highly efficient exosome detection.Science and technology of advanced materials · 2024Review
- Exploring the role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in viral infections: from pathological insights to biomarker potential.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Immunity and Host Defense.Immunological investigations · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles: an emerging tool for wild immunology.Discovery immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as a Translational Approach for the Treatment of COVID-19 Disease: An Updated Overview.Viruses · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Infection: From Hijacked Machinery to Therapeutic Tools.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (A3G) is a part of a cellular defense system against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other retroviruses. Antiretroviral activity of A3G can be severely blunted in the presence of the HIV-1 protein Vif. However, in some cells expressing the enzymatically active low-molecular-mass form of A3G, HIV-1 replication is restricted at preintegration steps, before accumulation of Vif. Here, we show that A3G can be secreted by cells in exosomes that confer resistance to both vif-defective and wild-type HIV-1 in exosome recipient cells. Our results also suggest that A3G is the major exosomal component responsible for the anti-HIV-1 activity of exosomes. However, enzymatic activity of encapsidated A3G does not correlate with the observed limited cytidine deamination in HIV-1 DNA, suggesting that A3G-laden exosomes restrict HIV-1 through a nonenzymatic mechanism. Real-time PCR quantitation demonstrated that A3G exosomes reduce accumulation of HIV-1 reverse transcription products and steady-state levels of HIV-1 Gag and Vif proteins. Our findings suggest that A3G exosomes could be developed into a novel class of anti-HIV-1 therapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.