ArticleBirth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology2008
Maternal periconceptional exposure to cigarette smoking and alcohol and esophageal atresia +/- tracheo-esophageal fistula.
Article in Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preconception care: caffeine, smoking, alcohol, drugs and other environmental chemical/radiation exposure.Reproductive health · 2014Pooled it
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls.Human reproduction updatePooled it
- Esophageal Atresia: From worry to wisdom-Global pediatrics · 2025Article
- Associations between maternal periconceptional alcohol consumption and risk of omphalocele among offspring, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Birth Defects Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure-A Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Association of Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Drinking and Smoking With the Risk of Stillbirth.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Maternal risk associated with the VACTERL association: A case-control study.Birth defects research · 2020Article
- Histological, immunohistochemical and transcriptomic characterization of human tracheoesophageal fistulas.PloS one · 2020Article
- Etiology of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: "mind the gap".Current gastroenterology reports · 2010Review
- Environmental exposures and development.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2010Review
- Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in a Paediatric Patient with Oesophageal Atresia and Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula.Case reports in gastroenterologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEsophageal atresia (EA) is a moderately frequent birth defect that often occurs with tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF). Etiologic studies for EA+/-TEF have produced inconsistent results.
methodsThis study used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) to examine the association between maternal periconceptional exposure to cigarette smoking and alcohol and EA+/-TEF. Cases of EA+/-TEF and unaffected controls with an estimated date of delivery from October 1997 through December 2003 were identified, and telephone interview reports for smoking and alcohol exposure were obtained from birth mothers of 334 cases and 4,967 controls. Odds ratios (OR)s and 95% confidence intervals (CI)s, adjusted for several covariates, were calculated to assess associations.
resultsORs were near unity for all EA+/-TEF cases combined and any periconceptional exposure to cigarette smoking (OR = 1.1; CI = 0.8,1.6) or alcohol (OR = 1.2; CI = 0.8,1.8). For cigarette smoking, some elevated ORs were found but varied by type of smoking exposure. No consistent patterns were identified for number of cigarettes smoked per day. For alcohol, ORs were weak to moderately elevated with increasing number of drinks consumed and for binge drinkers compared to non-binge drinkers. ORs were further elevated among mothers who reported active+passive exposure to cigarette smoking and alcohol (OR = 2.5; CI = 1.1,5.6). For both exposures, ORs were higher for cases with additional major defects compared to isolated cases.
conclusionsThese results, based on one of the largest published samples of EA+/-TEF cases, suggest a role for these exposures in the etiology of EA+/-TEF, although further study is needed to replicate the observed associations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.