ArticleJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2009
Clostridium difficile toxin A promotes dendritic cell maturation and chemokine CXCL2 expression through p38, IKK, and the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
Article in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The NF-κB Transcriptional Network Is a High-Dose Vitamin C-Targetable Vulnerability in Breast Cancer.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The thin line between conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in the gut.International immunology · 2023Article
- A Combination of Chemotherapy and Oncolytic Virotherapy Sensitizes Colorectal Adenocarcinoma to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a cDC1-Dependent Manner.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
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- The Biotherapeutic Potential ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Involvement of inhibitor kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2) in the regulation of vascular tone.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2018Article
- The role of toxins in Clostridium difficile infection.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2017Review
- Cytokines Are Markers of the Clostridium difficile-Induced Inflammatory Response and Predict Disease Severity.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Crude Preparations of Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 via Activating Akt-Nrf2 and mTOR-IκB Kinase-NF-κB Pathways in Dendritic Cells.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- The binary toxin CDT enhances Clostridium difficile virulence by suppressing protective colonic eosinophilia.Nature microbiology · 2016Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine QPYF as Preventive Treatment forEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile toxin A causes acute colitis associated with intense infiltrating neutrophils. Although dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the regulation of inflammation, little is known about the effects of toxin A on the maturation and neutrophil-attracting chemokine expression in DCs. This study investigated whether C. difficile toxin A could influence the maturation of mouse bone-marrow-derived DCs and chemokine CXCL2 expression. Toxin A increased the DC maturation which was closely related to CXCL2 upregulation. Concurrently, toxin A activated the signals of p65/p50 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) heterodimers and phospho-I kappa B kinase (IKK) in DCs. The increased DC maturation, CXCL2 expression, and neutrophil chemoattraction were significantly downregulated in the NF-kappaB knockout mice. In addition, toxin A activated the phosphorylated signals of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as ERK, p38, and JNK. Of all three MAPK signals, p38 MAPK was significantly related to DC maturation. Thus, suppression of p38 activity using SB203580 and siRNA transfection resulted in the significant reduction of IKK activity, DC maturation, and CXCL2 upregulation by toxin A. These results suggest that p38 MAPK may lead to the activation of IKK and NF-kappaB signaling, resulting in enhanced DC maturation and CXCL2 expression in response to C. difficile toxin A stimulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.