ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Sequential B-cell epitopes of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor bind lethal toxin-neutralizing antibodies.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bispecific antibody engineered from two non-protective antibodies confers full protection against anthrax toxin through inhibition of PA83 cleavage.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
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- Development of a multiple-antigen protein fusion vaccine candidate that confers protection against Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Evaluation of immune response to recombinantIranian journal of veterinary research · 2019Article
- Unique Inflammatory Mediators and Specific IgE Levels Distinguish Local from Systemic Reactions after Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Vaccination.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Article
- CD4+ T Cells Targeting Dominant and Cryptic Epitopes from Bacillus anthracis Lethal Factor.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Article
- Cloning, expression and purification of binding domains of lethal factor and protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis in Escherichia coli and evaluation of their related murine antibody.Molecular biology reports · 2014Article
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- Review
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- Immunity to ricin: fundamental insights into toxin-antibody interactions.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2012Review
- Review
- Noninvasive imaging technologies reveal edema toxin as a key virulence factor in anthrax.The American journal of pathology · 2011Article
- Anthrax vaccination induced anti-lethal factor IgG: fine specificity and neutralizing capacity.Vaccine · 2011Article
- Regulation of anthrax toxin-specific antibody titers by natural killer T cell-derived IL-4 and IFNγ.PloS one · 2011Article
- A chimeric protein that functions as both an anthrax dual-target antitoxin and a trivalent vaccine.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2010Article
- An anthrax subunit vaccine candidate based on protective regions of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen and lethal factor.Vaccine · 2010Article
- Select human anthrax protective antigen epitope-specific antibodies provide protection from lethal toxin challenge.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Article
- The major neutralizing antibody responses to recombinant anthrax lethal and edema factors are directed to non-cross-reactive epitopes.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The bipartite anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) consisting of protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF) is a major virulence factor contributing to death from systemic Bacillus anthracis infection. The current vaccine elicits antibodies directed primarily to PA; however, in experimental settings serologic responses to LF can neutralize LeTx and contribute to protection against infection. The goals of the present study were to identify sequential B-cell epitopes of LF and to determine the capacity of these determinants to bind neutralizing antibodies. Sera of recombinant LF-immunized A/J mice exhibited high titers of immunoglobulin G anti-LF reactivity that neutralized LeTx in vitro 78 days after the final booster immunization and protected the mice from in vivo challenge with 3 50% lethal doses of LeTx. These sera bound multiple discontinuous epitopes, and there were major clusters of reactivity on native LF. Strikingly, all three neutralizing, LF-specific monoclonal antibodies tested bound specific peptide sequences that coincided with sequential epitopes identified in polyclonal antisera from recombinant LF-immunized mice. This study confirms that LF induces high-titer protective antibodies in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the binding of short LF peptides by LF-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies suggests that generation of protective antibodies by peptide vaccination may be feasible for this antigen. This study paves the way for a more effective anthrax vaccine by identifying discontinuous peptide epitopes of LF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.