ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2008
IL-15 links TLR2/1-induced macrophage differentiation to the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut distress and interventionFrontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Association between Vitamin D and Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review of Human Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- The nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: an Endocrine Society scientific statement.Endocrine reviews · 2012Pooled it
- CD40 ligand and interferon-γ induce an antimicrobial response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human monocytes.Immunology · 2013Trial
- Autophagy in tuberculosis: advances, translational gaps, and the promise of host-directed therapies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The Influence of Seasonal Variations in Clinical Trials Based on Gut Microbiota Studies.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Dynamics of Th1/Th17 responses and antimicrobial pathways in leprosy skin lesions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- The Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor in Sepsis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Breaking the Cycle: Can Vitamin D Bridge the Gap Between Gut Microbiota and Immune Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The immunomodulatory potential of vitamin D on Th17 lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus - a literature review.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2025Review
- Dysregulated vitamin D signaling in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: an integrated transcriptomic study in a Korean cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Observational
- Human myeloid differentiation by BMP4 signaling through the VDR pathway in acute myeloid leukemia.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- The Potential Use of Vitamin D3 and Phytochemicals for Their Anti-Ageing Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Influence of Vitamin D on Periodontal Inflammation: A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Two lineages of immune cells that differentially express the vitamin D receptor.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Article
- IL-27 inhibits anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis innate immune activity of primary human macrophages.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2023Article
- Stage of infection withFrontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Vitamin D-Dimer: A Possible Biomolecule Modulator in Cytotoxic and Phagocytosis Processes?Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The Role of Vitamin D in Stroke Prevention and the Effects of Its Supplementation for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2022Review
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
An essential function of the innate immune system is to directly trigger antimicrobial mechanisms to defend against invading pathogens. In humans, one such pathway involves activation by TLR2/1L leading to the vitamin D-dependent induction of antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we found that TLR2/1-induced IL-15 was required for induction of CYP27b1, the VDR and the downstream antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Although both IL-15 and IL-4 triggered macrophage differentiation, only IL-15 was sufficient by itself to induce CYP27b1 and subsequent bioconversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) into bioactive 1,25D3, leading to VDR activation and induction of cathelicidin. Finally, IL-15-differentiated macrophages could be triggered by 25D3 to induce an antimicrobial activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, IL-15 links TLR2/1-induced macrophage differentiation to the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.