ArticleNature2009
A human natural killer cell subset provides an innate source of IL-22 for mucosal immunity.
Article in Nature, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 702 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
702 citing papers in PubMed, 1,210 citations in OpenAlex.
- ILC3s as central regulators of mucosal homeostasis and disease pathogenesis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- PGE2 Enhances Human ILC3 Function but Constrains ILC2-to-ILC3 Plasticity.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- TLR4-dependent upregulation of IL-22-producing T cells in the bone niche links to the imbalance of bone homeostasis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- LINGO4 coordinates ILC3-intrinsic IL-22 production and microbiota-mediated ILC3 homeostasis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Blockade of NKp46⁻ CCR6⁻ ILC3 autophagy protects against necrotizing enterocolitis by restoring energy metabolism balance in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The NKp44-1 Isoform Is an Activating Receptor for PDGF-DD Expressed on Natural Killer Cells.Cancers · 2026Article
- Cell type-specific enhancers regulate IL-22 expression in innate and adaptive type 3 lymphoid cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Innate lymphoid cells: unsung heroes or villains in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis?Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Distinguishing Features of ILC2s During Type 2 Immune Responses.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Leukemia-driven expansion of type 3 innate lymphoid cell facilitates a pro-tumoral microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia.Leukemia · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota and Interorgan Communication Among the Gut, Brain, and Beyond.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Adrenergic receptors: a key determinant of outcomes in bacterial pneumonia and bacterial sepsis-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome through participation in pulmonary innate immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multifaceted Roles of IL-26 in Physiological and Pathological Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Eosinophil-derived COX-2 protects against experimental colitis through the PGEbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Th17 in Human Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and the Association With Pneumococcal Carriage.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- IL-26 from innate lymphoid cells regulates early-life gut epithelial homeostasis by shaping microbiota composition.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Phantom of the immunologic opera: Unmasking the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in inborn errors of immunity (IEI).Journal of human immunity · 2025Review
- Ligand-receptor interactions induce and mediate regulatory functions of BATF3Science advances · 2025Article
- Cellular Cosmetics: How Innate Lymphoid Cells Can Recontour the Tumour Microenvironment.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Immune development differs between preterm newborns fed mothers' own milk and donor milk.iScience · 2025Article
642 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are classically viewed as lymphocytes that provide innate surveillance against virally infected cells and tumour cells through the release of cytolytic mediators and interferon (IFN)-gamma. In humans, blood CD56(dim) NK cells specialize in the lysis of cell targets. In the lymph nodes, CD56(bright) NK cells secrete IFN-gamma cooperating with dendritic cells and T cells in the generation of adaptive responses. Here we report the characterization of a human NK cell subset located in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, such as tonsils and Peyer's patches, which is hard-wired to secrete interleukin (IL)-22, IL-26 and leukaemia inhibitory factor. These NK cells, which we refer to as NK-22 cells, are triggered by acute exposure to IL-23. In vitro, NK-22-secreted cytokines stimulate epithelial cells to secrete IL-10, proliferate and express a variety of mitogenic and anti-apoptotic molecules. NK-22 cells are also found in mouse mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues and appear in the small intestine lamina propria during bacterial infection, suggesting that NK-22 cells provide an innate source of IL-22 that may help constrain inflammation and protect mucosal sites.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.