ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2009
Geographic approaches to quantifying the risk environment: drug-related law enforcement and access to syringe exchange programmes.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Policing practices as a structural determinant for HIV among sex workers: a systematic review of empirical findings.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Pooled it
- "We only trust each other": A qualitative study exploring the overdose risk environment among persons who inject drugs living with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- A qualitative analysis of rural syringe service program fidelity in Appalachian Kentucky: Staff and participant perspectives.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2023Article
- Conceptualizing the Socio-Built Environment: An Expanded Theoretical Framework to Promote a Better Understanding of Risk for Nonmedical Opioid Overdose Outcomes in Urban and Non-Urban Settings.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- A qualitative study on pharmacy policies toward over-the-counter syringe sales in a rural epicenter of US drug-related epidemics.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Examining the spatial risk environment tied to the opioid crisis through a unique public health, EMS, and academic research collaborative: Lowell, Massachusetts, 2008-2018.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- A scoping review of factors that influence opioid overdose prevention for justice-involved populations.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
- Consider the Source: Associations between Syringe Sources and Risky Injection Behaviors in California's Central Valley.Substance use & misuse · 2021Article
- Geographical Aspects of Recent Trends in Drug-Related Deaths, with a Focus on Intra-National Contextual Variation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- People, places, and stigma: A qualitative study exploring the overdose risk environment in rural Kentucky.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Understanding rural risk environments for drug-related harms: Progress, challenges, and steps forward.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- How the evolving epidemics of opioid misuse and HIV infection may be changing the risk of oral sexually transmitted infection risk through microbiome modulation.Critical reviews in microbiology · 2020Review
- Observational
- The opioid epidemic in rural northern New England: An approach to epidemiologic, policy, and legal surveillance.Preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Rural risk environments for hepatitis c among young adults in appalachian kentucky.The International journal on drug policy · 2019Article
- Identifying Which Place Characteristics are Associated with the Odds of Recent HIV Testing in a Large Sample of People Who Inject Drugs in 19 US Metropolitan Areas.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- The association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and high-risk injection behavior among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- The Spatial-Temporal Pattern of Policing Following a Drug Policy Reform: Triangulating Self-Reported Arrests With Official Crime Statistics.Substance use & misuse · 2017Article
- Utilization of Google enterprise tools to georeference survey data among hard-to-reach groups: strategic application in international settings.International journal of health geographics · 2016Article
- Predictors of needle exchange program utilization during its implementation and expansion in Tijuana, Mexico.The American journal on addictions · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The concept of the "risk environment"--defined as the "space ... [where] factors exogenous to the individual interact to increase the chances of HIV transmission"--draws together the disciplines of public health and geography. Researchers have increasingly turned to geographic methods to quantify dimensions of the risk environment that are both structural and spatial (e.g., local poverty rates). The scientific power of the intersection between public health and geography, however, has yet to be fully mined. In particular, research on the risk environment has rarely applied geographic methods to create neighbourhood-based measures of syringe exchange programmes (SEPs) or of drug-related law enforcement activities, despite the fact that these interventions are widely conceptualized as structural and spatial in nature and are two of the most well-established dimensions of the risk environment. To strengthen research on the risk environment, this paper presents a way of using geographic methods to create neighbourhood-based measures of (1) access to SEP sites and (2) exposure to drug-related arrests, and then applies these methods to one setting (New York City [NYC]). NYC-based results identified substantial cross-neighbourhood variation in SEP site access and in exposure to drug-related arrest rates (even within the subset of neighbourhoods nominally experiencing the same drug-related police strategy). These geographic measures--grounded as they are in conceptualizations of SEPs and drug-related law enforcement strategies--can help develop new arenas of inquiry regarding the impact of these two dimensions of the risk environment on injectors' health, including exploring whether and how neighbourhood-level access to SEP sites and exposure to drug-related arrests shape a range of outcomes among local injectors.
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