ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2009
Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on estrogen metabolism and endometrial cells: potential physiological and pathological relevance.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Multicenter Phase II Study of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Patients with a History of Breast Cancer, Premalignant Lesions, or Benign Breast Disease.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2018Trial
- Chronic Endometritis and Endometrial Polyps in Female Infertility: Etiological Mechanisms, Diagnostic Insights, and Prognostic Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular Insights into Elevated Autoantibodies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Decoding the enigmatic estrogen paradox in pulmonary hypertension: delving into estrogen metabolites and metabolic enzymes.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Investigating Menstruation and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Oxymoron or New Frontier? A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The Impacts of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Conditions on the Endometrium and Reproductive Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination Alters the Menstrual Cycle and Dose Accumulation Enhances the Effect.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Etiological relationship between lipid metabolism and endometrial carcinoma.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Review
- Increased Levels of CD107a and Intracellular Cytokines in IL-2 Stimulated PBMCs from Endometriosis Patients.International journal of inflammation · 2021Article
- Research Progress on the Mechanism Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Abnormal Endometrium.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- CYP1B1 as a therapeutic target in cardio-oncology.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2020Article
- Weighing the Risk: effects of Obesity on the Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer Risk.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2020Review
- Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast.Archives of toxicology · 2020Review
- The Impact of Obesity on Breast Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2018Review
- Proinflammatory environment and role of TNF-α in endometrial function of obese women having polycystic ovarian syndrome.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2016Article
- Comparison of the effect of lipopolysaccharide on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secretion and TNF and TNFR1 mRNA levels in feline endometrium throughout the estrous cycle during pyometra and after medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2016Article
- Obesity and Cancer: Concepts and Challenges.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2015Article
- Differential Effects of Glycyrrhiza Species on Genotoxic Estrogen Metabolism: Licochalcone A Downregulates P450 1B1, whereas Isoliquiritigenin Stimulates It.Chemical research in toxicology · 2015Article
- Associations of the fecal microbiome with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Article
- Estrogen signaling in metabolic inflammation.Mediators of inflammation · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextEstrogen and its metabolites play a critical role in the pathophysiology of the endometrium. The bioavailability of estrogen and estrogen metabolites in endometrial tissues depends on the expression of enzymes involved in estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism. Substantial evidence indicates that estrogen-dependent endometrial disorders are also associated with proinflammatory milieu. However, the mechanism whereby inflammation contributes to these conditions is not known.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate the effect of TNF-alpha on estrogen metabolism and the expression of estrogen-metabolizing genes in human endometrial glandular epithelial cells (EM1).
designEM1 were treated with 17beta-estradiol (E2) with or without TNF-alpha. Capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was used for quantitative measurement of estrogens and estrogen metabolites. Western blot analysis, reporter gene assay, and real-time RT-PCR were used to assess the expression of estrogen-metabolizing genes.
resultsTNF-alpha treatment significantly increased the level of total estrogen and estrogen metabolites and significantly increased the rate of conversion of estrone (E1) into E2. TNF-alpha also enhanced the oxidative metabolism of estrogen into catecholestrogens with concomitant inhibition of their conversion into methoxyestrogens. Gene expression analysis revealed that TNF-alpha induced the expression of genes involved in E2 biosynthesis (steroidogenic factor-1 and aromatase) and activation (17beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and cytochrome P-450, 1B1) with simultaneous repression of genes involved in estrogen inactivation (17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2; catechol O-methyltransferase; and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-quinone oxidoreductase 1).
conclusionTNF-alpha increases the local estrogen biosynthesis in human endometrial glandular cells and directs estrogen metabolism into more hormonally active and carcinogenic metabolites. These effects may impact many physiological and pathological processes that occur within the endometrium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.