Trial reportStroke2009
Effect of raloxifene on stroke and venous thromboembolism according to subgroups in postmenopausal women at increased risk of coronary heart disease.
Trial report in Stroke, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adynamic bone disorder in chronic kidney disease: meta-analysis and narrative review of potential biomarkers as diagnosis and therapeutic targets.Renal failure · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Inverse correlation of carotid intima-media thickness with raloxifene serum levels in osteoporosis.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2014Trial
- Pharmacotherapeutic considerations of selective estrogen receptor modulators for vascular protection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Epistaxis Prevention, Treatment, and Future Perspectives for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the effects of estrogen deficiency and aging on organismal homeostasis during menopause.Nature aging · 2024Review
- Review
- Drug-induced retinal vein occlusion: a disproportionality analysis from the FDA adverse event reporting system (2004-2023).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Effect of Bifidobacterium on osteoclasts: TNF-α/NF-κB inflammatory signal pathway-mediated mechanism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Denosumab for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in South Korea.Journal of bone metabolism · 2022Article
- Article
- Raloxifene Stimulates Estrogen Signaling to Protect Against Age- and Sex-Related Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Mice.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Three cases of acute venous thromboembolism in females after vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2022Article
- Joint position statement on management of patient with osteoporosis during COVID-19 contingency from the AMMOM, CONAMEGER, FELAEN, FEMECOG, FEMECOT, and ICAAFYD.Archives of osteoporosis · 2021Article
- Risk of Stroke in Patients with Breast Cancer and Sleep Disorders.Journal of Cancer · 2021Article
- Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke Related to Malignant Gastrointestinal Tumor.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Quercetin as an Agent for Protecting the Bone: A Review of the Current Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Side effects of drugs for osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Review
- Cancer-associated stroke: Pathophysiology, detection and management (Review).International journal of oncology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeRaloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, reduces risk of invasive breast cancer and osteoporosis, but the effect on risk for stroke and venous thromboembolism in different patient subgroups is not established. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of raloxifene on the incidence of all strokes, stroke deaths, and venous thromboembolic events according to participant subgroups.
methodsThis was a secondary end point analysis of an international, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 10 101 postmenopausal women with or at increased risk of coronary heart disease followed a median of 5.6 years. Strokes, venous thromboembolic events, and deaths were adjudicated by expert centralized committees. Strokes were categorized as ischemic, hemorrhagic, or undetermined and venous thromboembolic events were subclassified.
resultsThe incidences of all strokes did not differ between raloxifene (incidence rate per 100 woman-years=0.95) and placebo (incidence rate=0.86) treatment groups (P=0.30). In women assigned raloxifene versus placebo, there was a higher incidence of fatal strokes (incidence rates=0.22 and 0.15, respectively, P=0.0499) and venous thromboembolic events (incidence rates=0.39 and 0.27, respectively, P=0.02). No significant subgroup interactions were found except that there was a higher incidence of stroke associated with raloxifene use among current smokers.
conclusionsIn postmenopausal women at increased risk for coronary events, the incidences of venous thromboembolism and fatal stroke but not all strokes were higher in those assigned raloxifene versus placebo. Raloxifene's effect did not differ across subgroups, except that the risk of stroke differed by smoking status. Treatment decisions about raloxifene should be based on a balance of projected absolute risks and benefits.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.