ArticleJournal of virology2009
Evidence for persistent low-level viremia in individuals who control human immunodeficiency virus in the absence of antiretroviral therapy.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pegylated Interferon alfa-2a monotherapy results in suppression of HIV type 1 replication and decreased cell-associated HIV DNA integration.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- Challenges in detecting HIV persistence during potentially curative interventions: a study of the Berlin patient.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Prospective antiretroviral treatment of asymptomatic, HIV-1 infected controllers.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- A randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of raltegravir intensification on endothelial function in treated HIV infection.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Trial
- A randomized, controlled trial of raltegravir intensification in antiretroviral-treated, HIV-infected patients with a suboptimal CD4+ T cell response.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Trial
- HIV DNA and transcription before and after ART in natural controllers compared to noncontrollers.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Dynamics of natural and pharmacologic control of an SIV variant with an envelope trafficking defect.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Learning from nature: HIV elite controllers as blueprints for a functional cure.Virology journal · 2025Review
- From network biology to immunity: potential longitudinal biomarkers for targeting the network topology of the HIV reservoir.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Distinguishable topology of the task-evoked functional genome networks in HIV-1 reservoirs.iScience · 2024Article
- T Cell Homeostasis Disturbances in a Cohort of Long-Term Elite Controllers of HIV Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- HIV-1 controllers exhibit an enhanced antiretroviral innate state characterised by overexpression of p21 and MCPIP1 and silencing of ERVK-6 RNA expression.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2024Article
- Characterization of Rare Spontaneous Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Controllers Attending a National United Kingdom Clinical Service Using a Combination of Serology and Molecular Diagnostic Assays.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Bibliometric and visualized analysis of elite controllers based on CiteSpace: landscapes, hotspots, and frontiers.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- High frequency of CD8 escape mutations in elite controllers as new obstacle for HIV cure.Virulence · 2022Article
- Inversed Ratio of CD39/CD73 Expression on γδ T Cells in HIV Versus Healthy Controls Correlates With Immune Activation and Disease Progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Omic Technologies in HIV: Searching Transcriptional Signatures Involved in Long-Term Non-Progressor and HIV Controller Phenotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Interplay of HIV and Autophagy in Early Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Prolonged Posttreatment Virologic Control and Complete Seroreversion After Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Review
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A subset of antiretroviral-untreated, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are able to maintain undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. These "elite" controllers are of high interest as they may provide novel insights regarding host mechanisms of virus control. The degree to which these individuals have residual plasma viremia has not been well defined. We performed a longitudinal study of 46 elite controllers, defined as HIV-seropositive, antiretroviral-untreated individuals with plasma HIV RNA levels of <50 to 75 copies/ml. The median duration of HIV diagnosis was 13 years, the median baseline CD4(+) T-cell count was 753 cells/mm(3), and the median duration of follow-up was 16 months. Plasma and cellular HIV RNA levels were measured using the transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay (estimated limit of detection of <3.5 copies RNA/ml). A total of 1,117 TMA assays were performed (median of five time points/subject and four replicates/time point). All but one subject had detectable plasma HIV RNA on at least one time point, and 15 (33%) subjects had detectable RNA at all time points. The majority of controllers also had detectable cell-associated RNA and proviral DNA. A mixed-effect linear model showed no strong evidence of change in plasma RNA levels over time. In conclusion, the vast majority (98%) of elite controllers had measurable plasma HIV RNA, often at levels higher than that observed in antiretroviral-treated patients. This confirms the failure to eradicate the virus, even in these unique individuals who are able to reduce plasma viremia to very low levels without antiretroviral therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.