ArticleThe American journal of surgical pathology2009
Most basal-like breast carcinomas demonstrate the same Rb-/p16+ immunophenotype as the HPV-related poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas which they resemble morphologically.
Article in The American journal of surgical pathology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- HPV DNA Detection and Genotyping in Basal-Like Breast Carcinoma: Insights into a Possible Viral Association.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Role of PARP Inhibitors: A New Hope for Breast Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Significance of RB Loss in Unlocking Phenotypic Plasticity in Advanced Cancers.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2023Article
- High-risk HPV infection-associated hypermethylated genes in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Breast Cancer and p16: Role in Proliferation, Malignant Transformation and Progression.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
- P16 as a marker of carcinoma in effusions and peritoneal washing.BMC cancer · 2020Article
- Genomic profiling of metaplastic breast carcinomas reveals genetic heterogeneity and relationship to ductal carcinoma.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2018Article
- Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular correlation of neural crest transcription factor SOX10 expression in triple-negative breast carcinoma.Human pathology · 2018Article
- Article
- Increased risk of brain metastases in women with breast cancer and p16 expression in metastatic lymph-nodes.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Presence of human papillomavirus DNA in breast cancer: a Spanish case-control study.BMC cancer · 2017Article
- Progress with palbociclib in breast cancer: latest evidence and clinical considerations.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2017Review
- Article
- Genetic analysis of microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas of the breast provides evidence for the existence of a low-grade triple-negative breast neoplasia family.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2017Article
- Article
- Doxycycline-Regulated p16Journal of Cancer · 2017Article
- Co-expression of p16 and p53 characterizes aggressive subtypes of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2016Article
- Aberrant regulation of miR-15b in human malignant tumors and its effects on the hallmarks of cancer.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Basal-like carcinomas (BLCs) of the breast share discriminatory morphologic features with poorly differentiated high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV)-related squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, penis, and vulva. Because HPV E7 protein inactivates the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, diffuse p16 expression is a surrogate marker for these high-risk HPV-related carcinomas. HPV E6 protein also inactivates p53, further compromising the G1-S cell cycle checkpoint. The Rb/p16/p53 immunohistochemical profile of BLC of the breast has not been well characterized. Tissue microarrays containing 71 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of the breast were immunolabeled for p16, Rb, p53, and Ki-67. The cases included 4 distinct groups of IDCs having surrogate immunohistochemical profiles corresponding to categories defined by gene expression profiling (17 luminal A, 7 luminal B, 14 HER-2+, and 21 BLC), along with 12 unclassifiable triple negative carcinomas (UTNCs). Twenty-five of the 71 IDC were Rb negative/p16 diffuse positive (Rb-/p16+). These included 15 of 21 BLC and 9 of 12 UTNC, but only 1 of 14 HER-2 positive cases and none of the 17 luminal A or 7 luminal B cases (P<0.01, BLC or UTNC vs. others). Six of the Rb-/p16+ IDC also had a significant ductal carcinoma in situ component. The ductal carcinoma in situ in 4 of these 6 cases showed the same Rb-/p16+ phenotype as the associated IDC. BLC and UTNC had the highest Ki-67 indices of the 5 groups, even when matched for grade. The Rb-/p16+ phenotype and the Rb-/p16+/p53 overexpressing phenotype correlated with increased proliferation within the BLC group. In conclusion, BLC and UTNC, but not HER-2, luminal A, or luminal B carcinomas, frequently demonstrate an Rb-/p16+ phenotype, similar to the HPV-related squamous cell carcinomas that BLC resemble morphologically. This subset may represent a more homogenous group than BLC as defined currently.
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