ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Toll-like receptor 9 modulates immune responses to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in immunodeficient and allergic mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in the ICU: the corticosteroid link.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2026Review
- Cytosolic receptors and signaling in antifungal immunity.The EMBO journal · 2025Review
- Interplay of Cytokines and Chemokines in Aspergillosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Polymorphisms in Innate and Adaptive Immune Genes in Subjects with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Complicating Asthma.Mycopathologia · 2024Article
- Review
- MDA5 Is an Essential Sensor of a Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Associated with Vitality That Is Necessary for Host Resistance againstJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Molecular insights into the mechanisms of susceptibility of Labeo rohita against oomycete Aphanomyces invadans.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Microglial Response toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Immunoregulatory Property of C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Fungal ligands released by innate immune effectors promote inflammasome activation during Aspergillus fumigatus infection.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- Environment and Host-Genetic Determinants in Early Development of Allergic Asthma: Contribution of Fungi.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Review
- Animal Models of Aspergillosis.Comparative medicine · 2018Review
- Modulation of Immune Signaling and Metabolism Highlights Host and Fungal Transcriptional Responses in Mouse Models of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
- First Line of Defense: Innate Cell-Mediated Control of Pulmonary Aspergillosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Review
- Ficolins Promote Fungal Clearance in vivo and Modulate the Inflammatory Cytokine Response in Host Defense against Aspergillus fumigatus.Journal of innate immunity · 2016Article
- Common Genetic Polymorphisms within NFκB-Related Genes and the Risk of Developing Invasive Aspergillosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Concerted activation of the AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes orchestrates host protection against Aspergillus infection.Cell host & microbe · 2015Article
- Interference of Aspergillus fumigatus with the immune response.Seminars in immunopathology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in antifungal responses in the immunodeficient and allergic host is unclear. We investigated the role of TLR9 in murine models of invasive aspergillosis and fungal asthma. Neutrophil-depleted TLR9 wild-type (TLR9(+/+)) and TLR9-deficient (TLR9(-/-)) mice were challenged with resting or swollen Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and monitored for survival and lung inflammatory responses. The absence of TLR9 delayed, but did not prevent, mortality in immunodeficient mice challenged with resting or swollen conidia compared to TLR9(+/+) mice. In a fungal asthma model, TLR9(+/+) and TLR9(-/-) mice were sensitized to soluble A. fumigatus antigens and challenged with resting or swollen A. fumigatus conidia, and both groups of mice were analyzed prior to and at days 7, 14, and 28 after the conidium challenge. When challenged with resting conidia, TLR9(-/-) mice exhibited significantly lower airway hyper-responsiveness compared to the TLR9(+/+) groups. In contrast, A. fumigatus-sensitized TLR9(-/-) mice exhibited pulmonary fungal growth at days 14 and 28 after challenge with swollen conidia, a finding never observed in their allergic wild-type counterparts. Increased fungal growth in allergic TLR9(-/-) mice correlated with markedly decreased dectin-1 expression in whole lung samples and isolated dendritic cell populations. Further, whole lung levels of interleukin-17 were lower in allergic TLR9(-/-) mice compared to similar TLR9(+/+) mice. Together, these data suggest that TLR9 modulates pulmonary antifungal immune responses to swollen conidia, possibly through the regulation of dectin-1 expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.