ArticleInfection and immunity2009
The mechanism of Bacillus anthracis intracellular germination requires multiple and highly diverse genetic loci.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- ClpC-Mediated Sporulation Regulation at Engulfment Stage inIndian journal of microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- clpC operon regulates cell architecture and sporulation in Bacillus anthracis.Environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Anthrax SET protein: a potential virulence determinant that epigenetically represses NF-κB activation in infected macrophages.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- Transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis of paralogous spx gene function in Bacillus anthracis Sterne.MicrobiologyOpen · 2013Article
- Characterization of Bacillus anthracis persistence in vivo.PloS one · 2013Article
- Activation of the classical complement pathway by Bacillus anthracis is the primary mechanism for spore phagocytosis and involves the spore surface protein BclA.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- Multigenic control and sex bias in host susceptibility to spore-induced pulmonary anthrax in mice.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Testing nucleoside analogues as inhibitors of Bacillus anthracis spore germination in vitro and in macrophage cell culture.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2010Article
- Bacillus anthracis physiology and genetics.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In an effort to better understand the mechanisms by which Bacillus anthracis establishes disease, experiments were undertaken to identify the genes essential for intracellular germination. Eighteen diverse genetic loci were identified via an enrichment protocol using a transposon-mutated library of B. anthracis spores, which was screened for mutants delayed in intracellular germination. Fourteen transposon mutants were identified in genes not previously associated with B. anthracis germination and included disruption of factors involved in membrane transport, transcriptional regulation, and intracellular signaling. Four mutants contained transposon insertions in gerHA, gerHB, gerHC, and pagA, respectively, each of which has been previously associated with germination or survival of B. anthracis within macrophages. Strain MIGD101 (named for macrophage intracellular germination defective 101) was of particular interest, since this mutant contained a transposon insertion in an intergenic region between BAs2807 and BAs2808, and was the most highly represented mutant in the enrichment. Analysis of B. anthracis MIGD101 by confocal microscopy and differential heat sensitivity following macrophage infection revealed ungerminated spores within the cell. Moreover, B. anthracis MIGD101 was attenuated in cell killing relative to the parent strain. Further experimental analysis found that B. anthracis MIGD101 was defective in five known B. anthracis germination pathways, supporting a mechanism wherein the intergenic region between BAs2807 and BAs2808 has a global affect on germination of this pathogen. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the mechanisms supporting B. anthracis germination within host cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.