SynthesisBrain and cognition2008
Eye movement dysfunction in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analytic evaluation of candidate endophenotypes.
Synthesis in Brain and cognition, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of risperidone, amisulpride and nicotine on eye movement control and their modulation by schizotypy.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Nicotine differentially modulates antisaccade performance in healthy male non-smoking volunteers stratified for low and high accuracy.Psychopharmacology · 2012Trial
- Effects of moderate-dose treatment with varenicline on neurobiological and cognitive biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.Archives of general psychiatry · 2011Trial
- Fixation Task: A Simple Eye Movement Task Reveals an Impairment in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Latent State-Trait and Latent Growth Curve Modeling of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Schizophrenia Pathophysiology: Neurotransmitter Dysfunctions and Biomarker Frontiers.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Reduced Visual Function in Schizotypal Traits: An Exploratory Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Tbx1 haploinsufficiency leads to local skull deformity, paraflocculus and flocculus dysplasia, and motor-learning deficit in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Faster bi-stable visual switching in psychosis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- The psychosis human connectome project: Design and rationale for studies of visual neurophysiology.NeuroImage · 2023Article
- Markers of Schizophrenia-A Critical Narrative Update.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Movement-related beta ERD and ERS abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Altered Effective Connectivity within an Oculomotor Control Network in Unaffected Relatives of Individuals with Schizophrenia.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2021Article
- Measuring robust functional connectivity from resting-state MEG using amplitude and entropy correlation across frequency bands and temporal scales.NeuroImage · 2021Article
- Towards Clinically Relevant Oculomotor Biomarkers in Early Schizophrenia.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Antisaccade and prosaccade eye movements in individuals clinically at risk for psychosis: comparison with first-episode schizophrenia and prediction of conversion.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2019Article
- Impaired attentional modulation of sensorimotor control and cortical excitability in schizophrenia.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2019Article
- The Potential of Game-Based Digital Biomarkers for Modeling Mental Health.JMIR mental health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several forms of eye movement dysfunction (EMD) are regarded as promising candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Discrepancies in individual study results have led to inconsistent conclusions regarding particular aspects of EMD in relatives of schizophrenia patients. To quantitatively evaluate and compare the candidacy of smooth pursuit, saccade and fixation deficits in first-degree biological relatives, we conducted a set of meta-analytic investigations. Among 18 measures of EMD, memory-guided saccade accuracy and error rate, global smooth pursuit dysfunction, intrusive saccades during fixation, antisaccade error rate and smooth pursuit closed-loop gain emerged as best differentiating relatives from controls (standardized mean differences ranged from .46 to .66), with no significant differences among these measures. Anticipatory saccades, but no other smooth pursuit component measures were also increased in relatives. Visually-guided reflexive saccades were largely normal. Moderator analyses examining design characteristics revealed few variables affecting the magnitude of the meta-analytically observed effects. Moderate effect sizes of relatives v. controls in selective aspects of EMD supports their endophenotype potential. Future work should focus on facilitating endophenotype utility through attention to heterogeneity of EMD performance, relationships among forms of EMD, and application in molecular genetics studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.