ArticleEndocrinology2009
Vitamin D deficiency modulates Graves' hyperthyroidism induced in BALB/c mice by thyrotropin receptor immunization.
Article in Endocrinology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Shared Immunopathogenic Mechanisms in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria, Vitiligo, and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Vitamin D.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genetic evidence of the causal relationship between serum micronutrients and Graves' disease: A Mendelian randomization and cross-sectional observational study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- A beneficial levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for a decrease in thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAB) in patients with Graves' disease: a real-world study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Unveiling the Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Emerging Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association of circulating vitamin levels with thyroid diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Strain specific differences in vitamin D3 response: impact on gut homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Relationship between serum vitamin D and thyroid hormone profiles in male patients with alcohol dependence.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Vitamin D and the Thyroid: A Critical Review of the Current Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- On the Centennial of Vitamin D-Vitamin D, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Web of Links and Implications.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
- Autoimmune disease and interconnections with vitamin D.Endocrine connections · 2022Review
- Modulating gut microbiota in a mouse model of Graves' orbitopathy and its impact on induced disease.Microbiome · 2021Article
- Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D and its potential role in the prevention and treatment of thyroid autoimmunity: a narrative review.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Review
- Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Implications of Vitamin D in Autoimmunity: Focus on Chronic Autoimmune Diseases.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Latent autoimmune thyroid disease.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
TSH receptor (TSHR) antibodies and hyperthyroidism are induced by immunizing mice with adenovirus encoding the TSHR or its A-subunit. Depleting regulatory T cells (Treg) exacerbates thyrotoxicosis in susceptible BALB/c mice and induces hyperthyroidism in normally resistant C57BL/6 mice. Vitamin D plays an important role in immunity; high dietary vitamin D intake suppresses (and low intake enhances) adaptive immune responses. Vitamin D-induced immunosuppression may enhance Treg. Therefore, we hypothesized that decreased vitamin D intake would mimic Treg depletion and enhance hyperthyroidism induced by A-subunit adenovirus immunization. BALB/c mice had a reduced ability vs. C57BL/6 mice to generate the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3). Vitamin D deficiency induced subtle immune changes in BALB/c (not C57BL/6) mice. Compared with mice fed regular chow, vitamin D-deprived BALB/c mice had fewer splenic B cells and decreased interferon-gamma responses to mitogen and lacked memory T-cell responses to A-subunit protein. However, vitamin D deficiency did not alter TSHR antibody responses measured by ELISA, TSH binding inhibition, or cAMP generation from TSHR-expressing cells. Unexpectedly, compared with vitamin D-sufficient mice, vitamin D-deficient BALB/c mice had lower preimmunization T(4) levels and developed persistent hyperthyroidism. This difference was unrelated to the immunological changes between vitamin D-deficient or -sufficient animals. Previously, we found that different chromosomes or loci confer susceptibility to TSHR antibody induction vs. thyroid function. Our present studies provide evidence that an environmental factor, vitamin D, has only minor effects on induced immunity to the TSHR but directly affects thyroid function in mice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.