ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2008
Monitoring light-induced structural changes of Channelrhodopsin-2 by UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multicolor photoreactions of the red light-activated channelrhodopsin Chrimson.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Characterization of Optimal Optogenetic Stimulation Paradigms to Evoke Calcium Events in Cortical Astrocytes.eNeuro · 2025Article
- Ion-conducting and gating molecular mechanisms of channelrhodopsin revealed by true-atomic-resolution structures of open and closed states.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Pore-Opening and Ion-Conduction Mechanism in Channelrhodopsins C1C2, ChR2, and iChloC by Computational Electrophysiology and Constant-pH Simulations.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Structural insights into light-gating of potassium-selective channelrhodopsin.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Structural Insights Into the Opening Mechanism of C1C2 Channelrhodopsin.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Channel Gating in Kalium Channelrhodopsin Slow Mutants.Journal of molecular biology · 2024Article
- Metadynamics simulations reveal mechanisms of Na+ and Ca2+ transport in two open states of the channelrhodopsin chimera, C1C2.PloS one · 2024Article
- Optogenetics: Illuminating the Future of Hearing Restoration and Understanding Auditory Perception.Current gene therapy · 2024Review
- The Mechanism of the Channel Opening in Channelrhodopsin-2: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Modeling theRSC advances · 2022Article
- Molecular Biology of Microbial Rhodopsins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Microbial Rhodopsin Optogenetic Tools: Application for Analyses of Synaptic Transmission and of Neuronal Network Activity in Behavior.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Channelrhodopsin C1C2: Photocycle kinetics and interactions near the central gate.Biophysical journal · 2021Article
- Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography reveals early structural changes in channelrhodopsin.eLife · 2021Article
- Structure-Function Relationship of Channelrhodopsins.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Modulation of Light Energy Transfer from Chromophore to Protein in the Channelrhodopsin ReaChR.Biophysical journal · 2020Article
- Planochromism of cyanoxime anions: computational and mechanistic studies in solid state and solutions.Inorganica chimica acta · 2020Article
- Novel optogenetics tool: Gt_CCR4, a light-gated cation channel with high reactivity to weak light.Biophysical reviews · 2020Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is a microbial type rhodopsin and a light-gated cation channel that controls phototaxis in Chlamydomonas. We expressed ChR2 in COS-cells, purified it, and subsequently investigated this unusual photoreceptor by flash photolysis and UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy. Several transient photoproducts of the wild type ChR2 were identified, and their kinetics and molecular properties were compared with those of the ChR2 mutant E90Q. Based on the spectroscopic data we developed a model of the photocycle comprising six distinguishable intermediates. This photocycle shows similarities to the photocycle of the ChR2-related Channelrhodopsin of Volvox but also displays significant differences. We show that molecular changes include retinal isomerization, changes in hydrogen bonding of carboxylic acids, and large alterations of the protein backbone structure. These alterations are stronger than those observed in the photocycle of other microbial rhodopsins like bacteriorhodopsin and are related to those occurring in animal rhodopsins. UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy revealed two late intermediates with different time constants of tau = 6 and 40 s that exist during the recovery of the dark state. The carboxylic side chain of Glu(90) is involved in the slow transition. The molecular changes during the ChR2 photocycle are discussed with respect to other members of the rhodopsin family.
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