ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2009
The evolution of RNAi as a defence against viruses and transposable elements.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 259 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
259 citing papers in PubMed.
- RNA degradomics and proteomics reveal the mechanism of dsProsβ1-mediated proteasome targeting in Psylliodes chrysocephala.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Evolution of siRNA Therapeutics: From Mechanistic Foundations to Clinical Expansion.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Mycoviruses against plant pathogenic fungi: current understanding and future avenues of their potential implication.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Positive Selection Targeted Primate Genes that Encode Transposable Element Repressors.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Predictors of Protein Evolution in the drosophilid Immune System.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Recurrent innovation of protein-protein interactions in the Drosophila piRNA pathway.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Contact Unmodified Antisense DNA Biotechnology (CUADb)-Based Oligonucleotide Insecticides and RNA Biocontrols: Molecular Bases and Potential in Plant Protection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Chicken microRNA 26a-5p regulates replication of Newcastle disease virus by direct targeting of the viral polymerase.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Insect immune systems: same same but different but still same.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Recurrent expansion and rapid evolution of the Drosophilid RNAi pathway in testis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Preclinical Development of a Vectorized Artificial miRNA Gene Therapy for Tauopathies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Molecules to spillover: how climate warming impacts mosquito-borne viruses.Current opinion in virology · 2025Review
- Dynamic Birth and Death of Argonaute Gene Family Functional Repertoire Across Caenorhabditis Nematodes.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Tuning Ultrasensitivity in Genetic Logic Gates Using Antisense RNA Feedback.ACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Multi-platform omics analysis of Nipah virus infection reveals viral glycoprotein modulation of mitochondria.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The nuclear poly(A)-binding protein Pab2/PABPN1 promotes heterochromatin assembly through the formation of Pab2 nuclear condensates.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- RNAi and genome editing of sugarcane: Progress and prospects.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Review
- Molecular Insights into RNA Modifications and Their Role in Shaping Immune Responses and Tumor Microenvironments.Current gene therapy · 2025Review
199 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an important defence against viruses and transposable elements (TEs). RNAi not only protects against viruses by degrading viral RNA, but hosts and viruses can also use RNAi to manipulate each other's gene expression, and hosts can encode microRNAs that target viral sequences. In response, viruses have evolved a myriad of adaptations to suppress and evade RNAi. RNAi can also protect cells against TEs, both by degrading TE transcripts and by preventing TE expression through heterochromatin formation. The aim of our review is to summarize and evaluate the current data on the evolution of these RNAi defence mechanisms. To this end, we also extend a previous analysis of the evolution of genes of the RNAi pathways. Strikingly, we find that antiviral RNAi genes, anti-TE RNAi genes and viral suppressors of RNAi all evolve rapidly, suggestive of an evolutionary arms race between hosts and parasites. Over longer time scales, key RNAi genes are repeatedly duplicated or lost across the metazoan phylogeny, with important implications for RNAi as an immune defence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.