ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2009
Decomposing health: tolerance and resistance to parasites in animals.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 366 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
366 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Host-pathogen interactions under pressure: A review and meta-analysis of stress-mediated effects on disease dynamics.Ecology letters · 2023Pooled it
- The evolution of monogamy is associated with reversals from male to female bias in the survival cost of parasitism.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Overcoming Detection Lag in a Cryptic Panzootic: Chytrid Invasion Linked to Historically Enigmatic Amphibian Declines in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Review
- A Comparative Analysis of Aging Across Causes of Death.Evolutionary applications · 2026Article
- Advances in Poultry RNA-Omics Research: Technologies, RNA Information Layers, and Applications in Complex Traits.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- The influence of larval temperature and nutrients on dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae)) transmission in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae).Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Defense against parasites covaries with reproductive timing, not with resistance.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Pace of life predicts parasite resistance and fecundity tolerance, but not mortality tolerance, among Trinidadian guppies,Evolution letters · 2026Article
- The Role of Natural Anthelmintics in Small Ruminant Health: A Global Narrative Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 virus infection ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Co-infection with a viral pathogen (Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus) tended to improve host tolerance but significantly enhanced resistance to Heligmosomoides bakeri.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Hybridization and Immunology in Animals: A Review.Ecology and evolution · 2026Review
- Parasite defense covaries with reproductive timing, not with resistance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Host Prior Exposure Augments Gene Expression Heterogeneity of Both Host and Pathogen During In Vivo Infection.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Integrating the Microbiome Into Infection Ecology and Evolution in Wild Animals.Molecular ecology · 2026Review
- Boreal Toad Survival Varies by Degree of Attenuation and Adaptation of a Fungal Pathogen.EcoHealth · 2026Article
- Tolerance to persistent cell-fusing agent virus infection in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes correlates with maintenance of lipid reserves.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Type 2 immune history imprints local training in nerve and airway associated interstitial macrophages (NAMs) for disease tolerance during lethal respiratory viral infection.Research square · 2026Article
- Dietary methionine mitigates immune-mediated damage by enhancing renal clearance of cytokines.Cell metabolism · 2026Article
306 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plant biologists have long recognized that host defence against parasites and pathogens can be divided into two conceptually different components: the ability to limit parasite burden (resistance) and the ability to limit the harm caused by a given burden (tolerance). Together these two components determine how well a host is protected against the effects of parasitism. This distinction is useful because it recognizes that hosts that are best at controlling parasite burdens are not necessarily the healthiest. Moreover, resistance and tolerance can be expected to have different effects on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and host-parasite coevolution. However, studies of defence in animals have to date focused on resistance, whereas the possibility of tolerance and its implications have been largely overlooked. The aim of our review is to (i) describe the statistical framework for analysis of tolerance developed in plant science and how this can be applied to animals, (ii) review evidence of genetic and environmental variation for tolerance in animals, and studies indicating which mechanisms could contribute to this variation, and (iii) outline avenues for future research on this topic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.