Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18922899›Full record

ArticleCancer research2008

Arsenic exposure in utero exacerbates skin cancer response in adulthood with contemporaneous distortion of tumor stem cell dynamics.

Michael P Waalkes, Jie Liu, Dori R Germolec, Carol S Trempus, Ronald E Cannon, Erik J Tokar, Raymond W Tennant, Jerrold M Ward, Bhalchandra A Diwan

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer research, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) Suppresses Arsenic (AsInternational journal of biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Arsenic-induced prostate cancer: an enigma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024
    Review
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  15. Arsenic Alters Exosome Quantity and Cargo to Mediate Stem Cell Recruitment Into a Cancer Stem Cell-Like Phenotype.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2018
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Michael P WaalkesInorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at NIEHS, North Carolina27709, USA. waalkes@niehs.nih.gov
Jie Liu
Dori R Germolec
Carol S Trempus
Ronald E Cannon
Erik J Tokar
Raymond W Tennant
Jerrold M Ward
Bhalchandra A Diwan
Genesis Foundation · USNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences · USGlobal VetPathology · USScience Applications International Corporation (United States) · US

Funding

MECHANISMS OF INORGANIC CARCINOGENESISZ01BC005488 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI WAALKES, MICHAEL · 1996 to 2008
$3.4M
Mechanisms of Inorganic CarcinogenesisZIABC005488 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI WAALKES, MICHAEL · 2009 to 2010
$2.5M
Characterization of epidermal stem cells: biology, carcinogenesis, and functionZIAES021175 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI LANGENBACH, ROBERT · 2009 to 2010
$696k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 BC005488NCI NIH HHS N01 CO012400NCI NIH HHS N01-CO-12400
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Arsenic is a carcinogen with transplacental activity that can affect human skin stem cell population dynamics in vitro by blocking exit into differentiation pathways. Keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) are probably a key target in skin carcinogenesis. Thus, we tested the effects of fetal arsenic exposure in Tg.AC mice, a strain sensitive to skin carcinogenesis via activation of the v-Ha-ras transgene likely in KSCs. After fetal arsenic treatment, offspring received topical 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) through adulthood. Arsenic alone had no effect, whereas TPA alone induced papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). However, fetal arsenic treatment before TPA increased SCC multiplicity 3-fold more than TPA alone, and these SCCs were much more aggressive (invasive, etc.). Tumor v-Ha-ras levels were 3-fold higher with arsenic plus TPA than TPA alone, and v-Ha-ras was overexpressed early on in arsenic-treated fetal skin. CD34, considered a marker for both KSCs and skin cancer stem cells, and Rac1, a key gene stimulating KSC self-renewal, were greatly increased in tumors produced by arsenic plus TPA exposure versus TPA alone, and both were elevated in arsenic-treated fetal skin. Greatly increased numbers of CD34-positive probable cancer stem cells and marked overexpression of RAC1 protein occurred in tumors induced by arsenic plus TPA compared with TPA alone. Thus, fetal arsenic exposure, although by itself oncogenically inactive in skin, facilitated cancer response in association with distorted skin tumor stem cell signaling and population dynamics, implicating stem cells as a target of arsenic in the fetal basis of skin cancer in adulthood.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntigens, CD34ArsenicCarcinoma, Squamous CellCell Cycle ProteinsFemaleFetusGenes, rasMiceNeoplastic Stem CellsNeuropeptidesPregnancyProteinsrac1 GTP-Binding Proteinrac GTP-Binding ProteinsSkin NeoplasmsAntigens, CD34ArsenicCell Cycle ProteinsNeuropeptidesProteinsrac1 GTP-Binding ProteinRac1 protein, mouserac GTP-Binding ProteinsShfdg1 protein, mouseTetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Identifiers

PMID18922899
PMCPMC2652700
OpenAlexW2013760089

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.