Trial reportPloS one2008
Effect of adjunct metformin treatment in patients with type-1 diabetes and persistent inadequate glycaemic control. A randomized study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00118937. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Metformin On Glycaemic Control and Non-Glycaemic Cardiovascular Risk-Factors in Patients With Type-1 Diabetes, With Long-Standing Inadequate Glycaemic Control by Insulin and Diet
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Metformin as Add-on Therapy to Insulin in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Age, sex, disease severity, and disease duration difference in placebo response: implications from a meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor/Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Add-On to Insulin Therapy on Glucose Homeostasis and Body Weight in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- The use of metformin in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review of efficacy.Diabetologia · 2010 · on this mapPooled it
- Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of metformin in patients with type 1 diabetes (REMOVAL): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2017Trial
- Metformin in adults with type 1 diabetes: Design and methods of REducing with MetfOrmin Vascular Adverse Lesions (REMOVAL): An international multicentre trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2017 · on this mapTrial
- Effects of low dose metformin in adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study.Pediatric diabetes · 2015Trial
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Metformin Therapy in Overweight/Obese Youth with Type 1 Diabetes.PloS one · 2015 · on this mapTrial
- Artificial intelligence in immunotherapy: revolutionizing diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer and autoimmune diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Plasma metformin concentration as a determinant of metabolic response in adults with type 1 diabetes: a 1-year prospective observational study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Understanding the Increasing Prevalence of Obesity in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Strategies for Improving Clinical Care.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Review
- A personalized federated learning-based glucose prediction algorithm for high-risk glycemic excursion regions in type 1 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends in baseline HbA1c and body-mass index in randomised trials of people with type 1 diabetes from 1993 to 2025: an IMI2 SOPHIA systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Effect on Total Daily Insulin Dose in Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Managed with Metformin and/or GLP-1 or GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonists.Innovations in pharmacy · 2025Article
- Exploring the influencing factors of non-insulin drug prescriptions in discharged patients with type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Glucose-Lowering Therapy beyond Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review on Existing Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Clinical Perspective.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Metformin improves glycemic variability in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: an open-label randomized control trial.Endocrine connections · 2021Article
- Current and future therapies for type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2021Review
- The Current and Potential Therapeutic Use of Metformin-The Good Old Drug.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Obesity in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Links, Risks and Management Challenges.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite intensive insulin treatment, many patients with type-1 diabetes (T1DM) have longstanding inadequate glycaemic control. Metformin is an oral hypoglycaemic agent that improves insulin action in patients with type-2 diabetes. We investigated the effect of a one-year treatment with metformin versus placebo in patients with T1DM and persistent poor glycaemic control. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsOne hundred patients with T1DM, preserved hypoglycaemic awareness and HaemoglobinA(1c) (HbA(1c)) > or = 8.5% during the year before enrolment entered a one-month run-in on placebo treatment. Thereafter, patients were randomized (baseline) to treatment with either metformin (1 g twice daily) or placebo for 12 months (double-masked). Patients continued ongoing insulin therapy and their usual outpatient clinical care. The primary outcome measure was change in HbA(1c) after one year of treatment. At enrolment, mean (standard deviation) HbA(1c) was 9.48% (0.99) for the metformin group (n = 49) and 9.60% (0.86) for the placebo group (n = 51). Mean (95% confidence interval) baseline-adjusted differences after 12 months with metformin (n = 48) versus placebo (n = 50) were: HbA(1c), 0.13% (-0.19; 0.44), p = 0.422; Total daily insulin dose, -5.7 U/day (-8.6; -2.9), p<0.001; body weight, -1.74 kg (-3.32; -0.17), p = 0.030. Minor and overall major hypoglycaemia was not significantly different between treatments. Treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In patients with poorly controlled T1DM, adjunct metformin therapy did not provide any improvement of glycaemic control after one year. Nevertheless, adjunct metformin treatment was associated with sustained reductions of insulin dose and body weight. Further investigations into the potential cardiovascular-protective effects of metformin therapy in patients with T1DM are warranted.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00118937.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.