SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2008
Meta-regression of hepatitis C virus infection in relation to time since onset of illicit drug injection: the influence of time and place.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 226 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Indigenous Populations in the United States and Canada.Epidemiologic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Recommendations for the management of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs.The International journal on drug policy · 2015Guideline
- Effectiveness of structural-level needle/syringe programs to reduce HCV and HIV infection among people who inject drugs: a systematic review.AIDS and behavior · 2013Pooled it
- Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in prisons and other closed settings: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2013Pooled it
- Racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection among people who inject drugs: an international systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2012Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to prevent hepatitis C virus infection in people who inject drugs.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Pooled it
- Trial
- A simple strategy to identify acute hepatitis C virus infection among newly incarcerated injection drug users.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2013Trial
- Variations in the viral hepatitis C prevalence and treatment status by material hardship and cumulative risk among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic disparities in Hepatitis C care utilization and testing in the United States.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Standardising monitoring data on drug-related infectious diseases among people who inject drugs in Europe - an update of the European Union Drugs Agency technical protocol, 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Individual Heterogeneity and Trends in Hepatitis C Infection Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Longitudinal Analysis.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
- Association between non-injection drug use and hepatitis C infection among HIV-negative men who have sex with men.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Examining the evolving landscape of liver cancer burden in the United States from 1990 to 2019.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- HCV prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics in a cross-sectional, community study of young people who inject drugs in New York City: Opportunity for and threats to HCV elimination.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Co-occurrence of injection drug use and hepatitis C increases epigenetic age acceleration that contributes to all-cause mortality among people living with HIV.Epigenetics · 2023Article
- Controlled Human Infection Model for Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine Development: Trial Design Considerations.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Hepatitis C Treatment Outcomes Among Patients Enrolled in Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy-Boston, Massachusetts, 2016-2021.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Acute hepatitis C virus infection: clinical update and remaining challenges.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Review
- Association of co-occurring mental health problems with hepatitis C status among young people who inject drugs in rural New Mexico, 2016-2018.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The authors examined the relation between time since onset of illicit drug injection (time at risk) and rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by using meta-regression. In 72 prevalence studies, median time since onset of injection was 7.24 years and median prevalence was 66.02%. The model showed statistically significant linear and quadratic effects of time at risk on HCV prevalence and significantly higher prevalence in developing and transitional countries and in earlier samples (1985-1995). In developed countries post-1995, mean fitted prevalence was 32.02% (95% confidence interval: 25.31, 39.58) at 1 year of injection and 53.01% (95% confidence interval: 40.69, 65.09) at 5 years. In developing/transitional countries post-1995, mean fitted HCV prevalence was 59.13% (95% confidence interval: 30.39, 82.74) at 1 year of injection. In 10 incidence studies, median time at risk was 5.29 years and median cumulative HCV incidence was 20.69%. Mean fitted cumulative incidence was 27.63% (95% confidence interval: 16.92, 41.70) at 1 year of drug injection. The authors concluded that time to HCV infection in developed countries has lengthened. More rapid onset of HCV infection in drug injectors in developing/transitional countries resembles an earlier era of the HCV epidemic in other regions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.