ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2009
Prospective study of cardiorespiratory fitness and depressive symptoms in women and men.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of common mental health disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of Workplace-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Pooled it
- Depression Symptom Severity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy and Depressed Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Pooled it
- Sex as a moderator of the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and depressive symptoms in older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Trial
- Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture in stable ischemic heart disease patients.International journal of cardiology · 2014Trial
- Efficacy of walking exercise in promoting cognitive-psychosocial functions in men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy.BMC cancer · 2012Trial
- Reliability of peak treadmill exercise tests in mild Alzheimer disease.The International journal of neuroscience · 2011Trial
- The Benefits of Non-Pharmaceutic Interventions on Intrinsic Capacity in Insulin-Resistant Adult and Geriatric Populations-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of physical activity and exercise interventions on white matter integrity in overweight and obese populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of depressive and anxiety disorders in a nationwide cohort of 7 million participants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Multivariate associations of motor performance, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and grey matter volume in younger and mid-to-older adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cardiorespiratory fitness of healthy Polish men and women with various somatotypes.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Lower motor performance is linked with poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and grey matter volume alterations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Longitudinal association between fitness and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study over 29 years follow-up.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Applied Physical Activity Epidemiology: Relationship of Physical Activity and Exercise Exposures with Health Outcomes.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
- Use of Wearable Devices for Peak Oxygen Consumption Measurement in Clinical Cardiology: Case Report and Literature Review.Interactive journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young Adult Women With a History of Premature Adrenarche.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Factors Predicting Training Delays and Attrition of Recruits during Basic Military Training.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Relationship between FAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most studies of the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and depression have been limited to cross-sectional designs. The objective of this study was to follow individuals over time to examine whether those with higher levels of CRF have lower risk of developing depressive symptoms. Participants were 11,258 men and 3085 women enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study in Dallas, TX. All participants completed a maximal treadmill exercise test at baseline (1970-1995) and a follow-up health survey in 1990 and/or 1995. Individuals with a history of a mental disorder, cardiovascular disease, or cancer were excluded. CRF was quantified by exercise test duration, and categorized into age and sex-stratified groups as low (lowest 20%), moderate (middle 40%), or high (upper 40%). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Those who scored 16 or more on the CES-D were considered to have depressive symptoms. After an average of 12 years of follow-up, 282 women and 740 men reported depressive symptoms. After adjusting for age, baseline examination year, and survey response year, the odds of reporting depressive symptoms were 31% lower for men with moderate CRF (odds ratio, OR 0.69; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.56-0.85) and 51% lower for men with high CRF (OR 0.49, CI 0.39-0.60), compared to men with low CRF. Corresponding ORs for women were 0.56 (CI 0.40-0.80) and 0.46 (CI 0.32-0.65). Higher CRF is associated with lower risk of incident depressive symptoms independent of other clinical risk predictors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.