ReviewBrain research reviews2009
The neuroprotective properties of calorie restriction, the ketogenic diet, and ketone bodies.
Review in Brain research reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 284 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
284 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Bibliometric analysis of ketogenic diet for pain based on dual databases: global trends and research hotspots from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus (2006-2025).Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of ketogenic diet on adipokines levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.Acta diabetologica · 2024Pooled it
- Medium Chain Triglycerides induce mild ketosis and may improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.Ageing research reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Evaluation of Metabolic and Synaptic Dysfunction Hypotheses of Alzheimer's Disease (AD): A Meta-Analysis of CSF Markers.Current Alzheimer research · 2018Pooled it
- A personalized plant-rich, time-restricted nutritional intervention for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Trial
- A Modified MCT-Based Ketogenic Diet Increases Plasma β-Hydroxybutyrate but Has Less Effect on Fatigue and Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis Compared to a Modified Paleolithic Diet: A Waitlist-Controlled, Randomized Pilot Study.Journal of the American College of Nutrition · 2021Trial
- Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Study of the Safety and Efficacy of 1%D-3-Hydroxybutyrate eye drops for Dry Eye Disease.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Glucose Dysregulation as a Driver of Autoimmune Mimicry, Inflammation, and Psychiatric Symptoms: A Narrative Review.Biology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Theranostic Implications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- A PUFA-rich diet increases endogenous genotoxic stress and mitochondrial DNA damage in mice.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2026Article
- Cognitive impairment caused by compromised hepatic ketogenesis is prevented by endurance exercise.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- The central benefit of physiologically induced ketogenic states.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Ketogenic Diet Modulates Cerebellar AQP4 in an Age-dependent Manner and Parallels Reduced Anxiety-like Behavior in Rats.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Article
- Caloric Restriction and Dietary Taurine Regulate Taurine Homeostasis Through Distinct Tissue-Specific Mechanisms in Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- The Effect of Saffron Extract Supplementation During Resistance Training on Hippocampal Doublecortin and Hepatic β-Hydroxybutyrate Levels in Rats With Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Effects of a maternal ketogenic diet on maternal and offspring metabolic health in mice.PloS one · 2026Article
- Ketogenic interventions enhance REM sleep in females and support memory in aged rats.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Role of the ketogenic diet in neurodevelopmental disorders: neuroprotection and clinical practice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Decanoic acid extends lifespan and modulates metabolism in models of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- Transcriptional and neuroprotective effects of hexokinase-2 inhibitors administered after stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
224 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Both calorie restriction and the ketogenic diet possess broad therapeutic potential in various clinical settings and in various animal models of neurological disease. Following calorie restriction or consumption of a ketogenic diet, there is notable improvement in mitochondrial function, a decrease in the expression of apoptotic and inflammatory mediators and an increase in the activity of neurotrophic factors. However, despite these intriguing observations, it is not yet clear which of these mechanisms account for the observed neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, limited compliance and concern for adverse effects hamper efforts at broader clinical application. Recent research aimed at identifying compounds that can reproduce, at least partially, the neuroprotective effects of the diets with less demanding changes to food intake suggests that ketone bodies might represent an appropriate candidate. Ketone bodies protect neurons against multiple types of neuronal injury and are associated with mitochondrial effects similar to those described during calorie restriction or ketogenic diet treatment. The present review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of calorie restriction, of the ketogenic diet and of ketone bodies, and compares their putative mechanisms of action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.