Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2008
Micronutrient supplementation has limited effects on intestinal infectious disease and mortality in a Zambian population of mixed HIV status: a cluster randomized trial.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anemia, Iron Status, and HIV: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Micronutrients in HIV: a Bayesian meta-analysis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects on mortality of a nutritional intervention for malnourished HIV-infected adults referred for antiretroviral therapy: a randomised controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2015Trial
- Short term micronutrient-antioxidant supplementation has no impact on a serological marker of gastric atrophy in Zambian adults: retrospective analysis of a randomised controlled trial.BMC gastroenterology · 2014Trial
- High dose multiple micronutrient supplementation improves villous morphology in environmental enteropathy without HIV enteropathy: results from a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial in Zambian adults.BMC gastroenterology · 2014Trial
- Trial
- The effect of a 1-year multiple micronutrient or n-3 fatty acid fortified food intervention on morbidity in Indian school children.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Trial
- Intestinal antimicrobial gene expression: impact of micronutrients in malnourished adults during a randomized trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Trial
- Gastric and intestinal barrier impairment in tropical enteropathy and HIV: limited impact of micronutrient supplementation during a randomised controlled trial.BMC gastroenterology · 2010Trial
- Effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on survival of HIV-infected children in Uganda: a randomized, controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2010Trial
- Intestinal microbiome changes in response to amino acid and micronutrient supplementation: secondary analysis of the AMAZE trial.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Helicobacter pylori infection and hypochlorhydria in Zambian adults and children: A secondary data analysis.PloS one · 2021Article
- Noncommunicable diseases in HIV infection in low- and middle-income countries: gastrointestinal, hepatic, and nutritional aspects.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Review
- Persistent immune activation in chronic HIV infection: do any interventions work?AIDS (London, England) · 2013Article
- Development of a nutrient-dense food supplement for HIV-infected women in rural Kenya using qualitative and quantitative research methods.Public health nutrition · 2013Article
- Micronutrients in HIV/AIDS: is there evidence to change the WHO 2003 recommendations?The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2011Review
- Nutrition and disease progression pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and post-HAART: can good nutrition delay time to HAART and affect response to HAART?The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2011Review
- Micronutrients, N-acetyl cysteine, probiotics and prebiotics, a review of effectiveness in reducing HIV progression.Nutrients · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiarrheal disease remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in Africa, but host defense against intestinal infection is poorly understood and may depend on nutritional status.
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that defense against intestinal infection depends on micronutrient status, we undertook a randomized controlled trial of multiple micronutrient supplementation in a population where there is borderline micronutrient deficiency.
designAll consenting adults (> or =18 y) living in a carefully defined sector of Misisi, Lusaka, Zambia, were included in a cluster-randomized (by household), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a midpoint crossover. There were no exclusion criteria. Participants were given a daily tablet containing 15 micronutrients at just above the recommended nutrient intake or placebo. The primary endpoint was the incidence of diarrhea; secondary endpoints were severe episodes of diarrhea, respiratory infection, nutritional status, CD4 count, and mortality.
resultsFive hundred participants were recruited and followed up for 3.3 y (10,846 person-months). The primary endpoint, incidence of diarrhea (1.4 episodes/y per person), did not differ with treatment allocation. However, severe episodes of diarrhea were reduced in the supplementation group (odds ratio: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.92; P = 0.017). Mortality was reduced in HIV-positive participants from 12 with placebo to 4 with supplementation (P = 0.029 by log-rank test), but this was not due to changes in CD4 count or nutritional status.
conclusionMicronutrient supplementation with this formulation resulted in only modest reductions in severe diarrhea and reduced mortality in HIV-positive participants. The trial was registered as ISRCTN31173864.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.