Trial reportCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2009
Time-lapse mapping of cortical changes in schizophrenia with different treatments.
Trial report in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychotropic medications and their interactions with subcortical brain volume in bipolar disorder: An ENIGMA mega-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium.Biological psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Gray matter in first-episode schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic drug treatment. Anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analyses with sample size weighting.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2011Pooled it
- Trial
- Recombinant human erythropoietin delays loss of gray matter in chronic schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2011Trial
- Subtyping schizophrenia via machine learning by using structural neuroimaging.Translational psychiatry · 2025Review
- [Illness duration-related developmental trajectory of progressive cerebral gray matter changes in schizophrenia].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Article
- Cortical microstructural changes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders using quantitative T1 mapping.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neurostructural subgroup in 4291 individuals with schizophrenia identified using the subtype and stage inference algorithm.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Two neurostructural subtypes: results of machine learning on brain images from 4,291 individuals with schizophrenia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Structural Brain Volumes of Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Meta-analysis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Article
- A Prospective Longitudinal Investigation of Cortical Thickness and Gyrification in Schizophrenia.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2020Article
- Gyrification Connectomes in Unmedicated Patients With Schizophrenia and Following a Short Course of Antipsychotic Drug Treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Article
- Familial and environmental influences on brain volumes in twins with schizophrenia.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2017Article
- Genetic control of postnatal human brain growth.Current opinion in neurology · 2017Review
- Bulking up the hippocampus in schizophrenia: a role for 5-HTBJPsych open · 2016Article
- Levels of Red Blood Cell Fatty Acids in Patients With Psychosis, Their Unaffected Siblings, and Healthy Controls.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2016Article
- Olanzapine Reversed Brain Gene Expression Changes Induced by Phencyclidine Treatment in Non-Human Primates.Molecular neuropsychiatry · 2015Article
- Altered regional brain volumes in elderly carriers of a risk variant for drug abuse in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2).Brain imaging and behavior · 2015Article
- Longer lithium exposure is associated with better white matter integrity in older adults with bipolar disorder.Bipolar disorders · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Using time-lapse maps, we visualized the dynamics of schizophrenia progression, revealing spreading cortical changes that depend on the type of antipsychotic treatment. Dynamic, 4-dimensional models of disease progression were created from 4 repeated high-resolution brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 36 first-episode schizophrenia patients (30 men/6 women; mean age: 24.2 +/- 5.1 SD years) randomized to haloperidol (HAL) (n = 15) or olanzapine (OLZ) treatment (n = 21), imaged at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months (144 scans). Based on surface-based cortical models and point-by-point measures of gray matter volume, we generated time-lapse maps for each treatment. Disease trajectories differed for atypical versus typical neuroleptic drugs. A rapidly advancing parietal-to-frontal deficit trajectory, in HAL-treated patients, mirrored normal cortical maturation but greatly intensified. The disease trajectory advanced even after symptom normalization, involving the frontal cortex within 12 months with typical drug treatment. Areas with fastest tissue loss shifted anteriorly in the first year of psychosis. This trajectory was not seen with OLZ. Whether this association reflects either reduced neurotoxicity or neuroprotection cannot be addressed with neuroimaging; changes may relate to glial rather than neural components. These maps revise current models of schizophrenia progression; due to power limitations, the findings require confirmation in a sample large enough to model group x time interactions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.