ArticleBiology letters2009
The recruitment of different compartments within a muscle depends on the mechanics of the movement.
Article in Biology letters, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hamstring Injury Mechanisms and Eccentric Training-Induced Muscle Adaptations: Current Insights and Future Directions.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Regional Heterogeneity in Vastus Lateralis Architecture Influences Fascicle Behavior During In Vivo Contractions.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Muscle structure assessment using synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography in murine with cerebral ischemia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Modelling motor units in 3D: influence on muscle contraction and joint force via a proof of concept simulation.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2023Article
- Validation of the Measuring Protocol for the Infraspinatus Muscle with M-Mode Ultrasound in Asymptomatic Subjects. Intra- and Inter-examiner Reliability Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- [Feeling stiff…but what does it mean objectively? : Can you measure muscle tension?]Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Regional variation in lateral and medial gastrocnemius muscle fibre lengths obtained from diffusion tensor imaging.Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- Added mass in rat plantaris muscle causes a reduction in mechanical work.The Journal of experimental biology · 2020Article
- Long term consistency and location specificity of equine gluteus medius muscle activity during locomotion on the treadmill.BMC veterinary research · 2018Article
- Article
- Spatial variation and inconsistency between estimates of onset of muscle activation from EMG and ultrasound.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Movement Complexity and Neuromechanical Factors Affect the Entropic Half-Life of Myoelectric Signals.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- Is there sufficient evidence to claim muscle units are not localised and functionally grouped within the human gastrocnemius?The Journal of physiology · 2016Article
- Synergistic Co-activation Increases the Extent of Mechanical Interaction between Rat Ankle Plantar-Flexors.Frontiers in physiology · 2016Article
- Mapping of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of plantar flexor muscle activity during isometric contraction: correlation of velocity-encoded MRI with EMG.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2015Article
- Motor units in the human medial gastrocnemius muscle are not spatially localized or functionally grouped.The Journal of physiology · 2015Article
- Three-dimensional ankle moments and nonlinear summation of rat triceps surae muscles.PloS one · 2014Article
- Assessment of size ordered recruitment.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2014Article
- Correlations and coherence of monopolar EMG-currents of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in proximal and distal compartments.Frontiers in physiology · 2014Article
- Locomotor adaptation to a soleus EMG-controlled antagonistic exoskeleton.Journal of neurophysiology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Muscles are commonly assumed to have uniform activations across their bellies. Yet animal studies have shown that different regions across a muscle can vary in their architecture, fibre type, levels of activation and the transfer of forces to the bones and tendons. The purpose of this study was to test whether regional variations in activity occurred across the soleus, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius in man, and whether these regional variations changed with altered mechanical demands on the limb. Arrays of surface electrodes were placed over these muscles and the electromyograms (EMG) measured for a range of cycling tasks where the resistance and pedal velocity was independently altered. Significant variations in the magnitude and timing of the EMG occurred across these muscles, which were most pronounced in the gastrocnemii and occurred in both the proximodistal and mediolateral directions. The patterns of variation across the muscles changed in response to the altered mechanical demands during the cycling. It is likely that the muscle fascicles in the gastrocnemii contribute varied mechanical functions to the contractions that depend on both their location within the muscle belly and on the mechanical requirements of the movement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.