ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2009
Evaluation of physiological measures for correcting variation in urinary output: Implications for assessing environmental chemical exposure in children.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accuracy of NGAL as a Biomarker for Urinary Tract Infection in Young Febrile Children: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluation of breath, plasma, and urinary markers of lactose malabsorption to diagnose lactase non-persistence following lactose or milk ingestion.BMC gastroenterology · 2020Trial
- Article
- Occupational exposure to tris (chloropropyl) phosphate in flexible polyurethane foam workers: exposure levels and risk assessment.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Plasticiser Levels, Phthalates and Bisphenols in Bahraini Subjects with and Without Type-2 Diabetes.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Early life phthalate exposure impacts gray matter and white matter volume in infants and young children.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Association of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with inflammatory biomarker levels among pregnant women.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Phosphate Flame Retardants and Plasticizers and Their Association with Reproductive and Steroid Hormone Levels among Peripubertal-Aged Children: The Hokkaido Birth Cohort Study.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Association of environmental pollutants with asthma and allergy, and the mediating role of oxidative stress and immune markers in adolescents.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Urinary metabolite concentrations of phthalate and plasticizers in infancy and childhood in the UNC baby connectome project.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Environmental phenol exposures in 6- to 12-week-old infants: The Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Nanocomposite microbeads made of recycled polylactic acid for the magnetic solid phase extraction of xenobiotics from human urine.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Article
- PFAS and Phthalate/DINCH Exposure in Association with Age at Menarche in Teenagers of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies.Toxics · 2023Article
- A cross-validation based approach for estimating specific gravity in elementary-school aged children using a nonlinear model.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Association of preconception mixtures of phenol and phthalate metabolites with birthweight among subfertile couples.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- Multiple neonicotinoids in children's cerebro-spinal fluid, plasma, and urine.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Article
- Development of an observational exposure human biomonitoring study to assess Canadian children's DEET exposure during protective use.PloS one · 2022Article
- Urinary specific gravity measures in the U.S. population: Implications for the adjustment of non-persistent chemical urinary biomarker data.Environment international · 2021Article
- Article
- Performance of urine, blood, and integrated metal biomarkers in relation to birth outcomes in a mixture setting.Environmental research · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Urinary contaminant concentrations are commonly adjusted by creatinine to account for the variability in urinary output. This approach may not be optimal among children due to developmental growth of muscle mass and the associated increase in creatinine formation. An alternative approach is to measure the specific gravity of the urine sample, which reflects the solute concentration of the urine. We compare the appropriateness of urinary creatinine and urinary-specific gravity as factors for correcting morning and evening spot urine samples collected from 23 children (3-11 years) for a total of 41 days in four different seasons. Two linear mixed-effects models were fit using age, sex, season, and sample collection time (morning/evening) as predictors with specific gravity and creatinine as dependent variables. Specific gravity was significantly associated with the sample collection time (P<0.001) with morning samples higher than evening samples. Creatinine was significantly associated with season (P<0.05), sample collection time (P<0.0001), and age (P<0.0001). Creatinine levels were higher during the summer compared to the other seasons, higher in the morning compared to the evening, and higher with increases in children's age. Normalizing the children's spot urine samples using creatinine would introduce bias to the data analysis. Whereas using specific gravity to correct for variable urinary output would be more robust. In addition, measuring specific gravity is relatively easy, does not require the use of chemicals, and the results are available instantaneously.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.