ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2008
Prospective evaluation of risk factors for male breast cancer.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association Between CHEK2*1100delC and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2018Pooled it
- Anthropometric and hormonal risk factors for male breast cancer: male breast cancer pooling project results.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2014Pooled it
- 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors and risk of male breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyPooled it
- Diseases of the Male Breast: Gynecomastia and Breast Cancer.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Survival Values of Iraqi Male Breast Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Decoding male breast cancer: epidemiological insights, cutting-edge treatments, and future perspectives.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Quality-of-Life and Oncological Outcomes in Male Breast Cancer: Insights from an Extensive 20-Year Experience.Cancers · 2025Article
- Comprehensive review of male breast cancer: Understanding a rare condition.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Construction, validation, and visualization of a web-based nomogram to predict survival in male breast cancer patients with second primary prostate cancer.Gland surgery · 2024Article
- Article
- Trends in incidence, prevalence, and survival of breast cancer in the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2021.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Pleomorphic/solid lobular carcinoma of male breast with PALB2 germline mutation: case report and literature review.Pathologica · 2024Review
- Male Breast Cancer: a Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survivorship.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Multigene Panel Sequencing Identifies a Novel Germline Mutation Profile in Male Breast Cancer Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Orbital Metastases of Breast Cancer in Males.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Risk of breast cancer in men in relation to weight change: A national case-control study in England and Wales.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Review
- Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk in Men: A National Case-Control Study in England and Wales.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2021Article
- Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in male breast cancer: where do we stand?Future science OA · 2021Article
- Male Breast Cancer: Clinical, Demographical, and Pathological Features in a Cohort of 41 Patients.Cureus · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Most risk factors for male breast cancer have been derived from retrospective studies that may reflect selective recall. In the prospective National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, we studied 324 920 men, among whom 121 developed breast cancer. Men who reported a first-degree relative with breast cancer had an increased risk of breast cancer (relative risk [RR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19 to 3.09). Among the medical conditions examined, a new finding emerged regarding increased male breast cancer risk associated with a history of a bone fracture (RR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.24 to 3.91). Obesity was positively related to risk (RR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.91, for body mass indices of >or=30 vs <25 kg/m2) and physical activity inversely related, even after adjustment for body mass index. Smokers were at somewhat elevated risk, although trends with smoking characteristics were inconsistent. Alcohol consumption was not related to risk. The identified risk factors show some commonalities with female breast cancer and indicate the importance of hormonal mechanisms. Differences in risk factors may reflect unique mechanisms associated with androgens and their ratio to bioavailable estrogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.