ArticleJournal of leukocyte biology2009
Human eosinophils constitutively express multiple Th1, Th2, and immunoregulatory cytokines that are secreted rapidly and differentially.
Article in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers.
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Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 269 citations in OpenAlex.
- Episodic angioedema with eosinophilia (Gleich syndrome) is a multilineage cell cycling disorder.Haematologica · 2015Trial
- Development of a suspension array assay in multiplex for the simultaneous measurement of serum levels of four eosinophil granule proteins.Journal of immunological methods · 2014Trial
- The association between inflammatory markers in routine blood counts at 1 year and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A case-control study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Antibiotic-induced Malassezia expansion in the infant gut promotes early-life immune dysregulation and airway inflammation in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gut-derived, inflammatory ILC2s disseminate type 2 immunity to remote lung in food allergen-challenged mice.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- Eosinophils in solid cancers: sentinels, predictors, and therapeutic allies.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- The role of interleukin-4 in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: a literature review.BMC nephrology · 2026Review
- A Comparison of Neutrophil Secretion of Cytokines and NET Formation in Response to Lipopolysaccharide and Group BJournal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Emerging Insights into the Inflammatory Phenotypes of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Eosinophils as immunoregulatory players in allergic rhinitis: beyond cytotoxicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The emerging roles of eosinophils in immune regulation in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Eosinophils-Induced Lumican Secretion by Synovial Fibroblasts Alleviates Cartilage Degradation via the TGF-β Pathway Mediated by Anxa1 Binding.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Non-Coding RNAs in Asthma: Regulators of Eosinophil Biology and Airway Inflammation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Duodenal Microenvironment in Functional Dyspepsia.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Review
- Tartaric Acid Exacerbates DSS-Induced Colitis by Promoting Eosinophilic Inflammation via IL-13 and IL-5Rα Upregulation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- TLR7/8 signaling activation enhances the potency of human pluripotent stem cell-derived eosinophils in cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Article
- Precancerous pathways to gastric cancer: a review of experimental animal models recapitulating the correa cascade.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Succinate in innate immunity: linking metabolic reprogramming to immune modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evidence for a Role of the Long Non-Coding RNA ITGB2-AS1 in Eosinophil Differentiation and Functions.Cells · 2024Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Eosinophils are innate immune leukocytes implicated in the initiation and maintenance of type 2 immune responses, including asthma and allergy. The ability to store and rapidly secrete preformed cytokines distinguishes eosinophils from most lymphocytes, which must synthesize cytokine proteins prior to secretion and may be a factor in the apparent Th2 bias of eosinophils. Multiple studies confirm that human eosinophils from atopic or hypereosinophilic donors can secrete over 30 cytokines with a varying and often opposing immune-polarizing potential. However, it remains unclear whether all of these cytokines are constitutively preformed and available for rapid secretion from eosinophils in the circulation of healthy individuals or are restricted to eosinophils from atopic donors. Likewise, the relative concentrations of cytokines stored within eosinophils have not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that human blood eosinophils are not singularly outfitted with Th2-associated cytokines but rather, constitutively store a cache of cytokines with nominal Th1, Th2, and regulatory capacities, including IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha. We demonstrate further rapid and differential release of each cytokine in response to specific stimuli. As agonists, strong Th1 and inflammatory cytokines elicited release of Th2-promoting IL-4 but not Th1-inducing IL-12. Moreover, a large quantity of IFN-gamma was secreted in response to Th1, Th2, and inflammatory stimuli. Delineations of the multifarious nature of preformed eosinophil cytokines and the varied stimulus-dependent profiles of rapid cytokine secretion provide insights into the functions of human eosinophils in mediating inflammation and initiation of specific immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.