ReviewImmunological reviews2008
Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-monotonic effects and spatial spillovers of urban green space on chronic infectious disease dynamics in China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Editorial: Novel interventions for the prevention and control of communicable diseases.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mucoadhesive chitosan-coated boswellic acids nanoparticles as promising gastroprotective nanoagents via modulation of the RAS/ERK signaling pathway.Discover nano · 2025Article
- Can Humanized Immune System Mouse and Rat Models Accelerate the Development of Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases and Cancers?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Primary Health Care Challenges in Managing Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Di-, Tri-Substituted Mono-Thiazoles, and Bis-Thiazoles: Factors Affecting Biological Activities, Future Aspects, and Challenges.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Leveraging disease outbreak news to strengthen the global response to antimicrobial resistance: a call for action.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Big Epidemiology: The Birth, Life, Death, and Resurgence of Diseases on a Global Timescale.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Future directions for One Health research: Regional and sectoral gaps.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Time-travelling pathogens and their risk to ecological communities.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Review
- Can Bacteriophages Replace Antibiotics?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- THE ZOONOTIC CITY: Urban Political Ecology and the Pandemic Imaginary.International journal of urban and regional research · 2022Article
- Protective effect of standardised fruit extract ofAnnals of medicine · 2021Article
- COVID-19 challenges and WASH in informal settlements: Integrated action supported by the sustainable development goals.Cities (London, England) · 2020Article
- Addressing the illegal wildlife trade in the European Union as a public health issue to draw decision makers attention.Biological conservation · 2020Review
- Article
- Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions.Anthropocene · 2020Article
- Vulnerabilities for Exposure to Emerging Infectious Disease at Urban Settlements in Nepal.EcoHealth · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
summaryBetween mid-century and 1992, there was a consensus that the battle against infectious diseases had been won, and the Surgeon General announced that it was time to close the book. Experience with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the return of cholera to the Americas in 1991, the plague outbreak in India in 1994, and the emergence of Ebola in Zaire in 1995 created awareness of a new vulnerability to epidemics due to population growth, unplanned urbanization, antimicrobial resistance, poverty, societal change, and rapid mass movement of people. The increasing virulence of dengue fever with dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome disproved the theory of the evolution toward commensalism, and the discovery of the microbial origins of peptic ulcer demonstrated the reach of infectious diseases. The Institute of Medicine coined the term 'emerging and reemerging diseases' to explain that the world had entered an era in which the vulnerability to epidemics in the United States and globally was greater than ever. The United States and the World Health Organization took devised rapid response systems to monitor and contain disease outbreaks and to develop new weapons against microbes. These mechanisms were tested by severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, and a series of practical and conceptual blind spots in preparedness were revealed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.