ReviewOncogene2008
HLA antigen changes in malignant cells: epigenetic mechanisms and biologic significance.
Review in Oncogene, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 227 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
227 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 399 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between human leukocyte antigen E expression and outcomes in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the role of ESR1 mutations in metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer T cell immune surveillance disruption.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Trial
- The PEMDAC phase 2 study of pembrolizumab and entinostat in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Predicting Toxicity and Response to Pembrolizumab Through Germline Genomic HLA Class 1 Analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2021Trial
- Dendritic cells loaded with mRNA encoding full-length tumor antigens prime CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in melanoma patients.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2012Trial
- Navigating luminal heterogeneity: etiology-based proteogenomic subtyping for targeted treatment strategies in breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Defects in antigen processing and presentation: mechanisms, immune evasion and implications for cancer vaccine development.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Chemo-Radio-Immunotherapy Strategies to Prevent Immune Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Evaluation of CD3 and CD20 Lymphocytes and Mast Cells in the Microenvironment of Central Giant Cell Granuloma, Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma, and Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Not Just PA28γ: What We Know About the Role of PA28αβ in Carcinogenesis.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Epigenetic therapy sensitizes anti-PD-1 refractory head and neck cancers to immunotherapy rechallenge.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- NK cell immunopotentiators-loaded nanoliposomes enhance ADCC effect for targeted therapy against HER2-positive breast cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Clofarabine induces tumor cell apoptosis, GSDME-related pyroptosis, and CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- MAP1LC3C repression reduces CIITA- and HLA class II expression in non-small cell lung cancer.PloS one · 2025Article
- The prognostic and therapeutic value of the tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoints in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Bioinformatic-Experimental Screening Uncovers Multiple Targets for Increase of MHC-I Expression through Activating the Interferon Response in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Azacitidine and gemtuzumab ozogamicin as post-transplant maintenance therapy for high-risk hematologic malignancies.Bone marrow transplantation · 2024Article
- Peptide-stimulated T cells bypass immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance and eliminate autologous microsatellite instable colorectal cancer cells.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- Neoantigen-targeted dendritic cell vaccination in lung cancer patients induces long-lived T cells exhibiting the full differentiation spectrum.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
167 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Changes in classical and nonclassical HLA class I as well as HLA class II antigens have been identified in malignant lesions. These changes, which are described in this review are believed to play a major role in the clinical course of the disease since both HLA class I and class II antigens are critical to the interaction between tumor cells and components of both innate and adaptive immune system. Abnormalities in HLA antigen expression in malignant cells, which range in frequency from 0-90%, are caused by distinct mechanisms. They include defects in beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) synthesis, loss of the gene(s) encoding HLA antigen heavy chain(s), mutations, which inhibit HLA antigen heavy chain transcription or translation, defects in the regulatory mechanisms, which control HLA antigen expression and/or abnormalities in one or more of the antigen processing, machinery (APM) components. More recently, epigenetic events associated with tumor development and progression have been found to underlie changes in HLA antigen, APM component, costimulatory molecule and tumor antigen (TA) expression in malignant cells. The types of epigenetic modifications that may occur in normal and malignant cells as well as their role in changes in HLA antigen expression by malignant cells have been reviewed. The epigenetic events associated with alterations in HLA antigen expression may be clinically relevant as, in some cases, they have been shown to impair the recognition of tumor cells by components of the adaptive immune system. The functional relevance and potential clinical significance of these epigenetic alterations have been addressed. Finally, unlike genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications can, in some cases, be reversed with pharmacologic agents that induce DNA hypomethylation or inhibit histone deacetylation. Therefore, strategies to overcome epigenetic modifications underlying changes in HLA antigen expression in malignant cells have been discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.