Trial reportBrain, behavior, and immunity2009
Synergistic effects of psychological and immune stressors on inflammatory cytokine and sickness responses in humans.
Trial report in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigating the Effects of Typhoid Vaccine on Sleep in Healthy Volunteers
Analysis of Psychoneuroimmunological Parameters of Health in Specific Population Groups in Slovakia
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of inflammation on the kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia - a systematic review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of psychological stress on innate immunity and metabolism in humans: a systematic analysis.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Breast cancer survivors' typhoid vaccine responses: Chemotherapy, obesity, and fitness make a difference.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Trial
- Effects of stress-induced inflammation on reward processing in healthy young women.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Trial
- Effects of typhoid vaccine on inflammation and sleep in healthy participants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- A comparison of mindfulness-based stress reduction and an active control in modulation of neurogenic inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2013Trial
- Mitigating cellular inflammation in older adults: a randomized controlled trial of Tai Chi Chih.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2012Trial
- Dispositional optimism and stress-induced changes in immunity and negative mood.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2009Trial
- Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomic Measures among French Digestive Endoscopists.Endoscopy international open · 2026Article
- Inflammatory models of depression in rodents and humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota: a novel strategy affecting atherosclerosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Review
- Article
- Distress and inflammation are independently associated with cancer-related symptom severity.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- How does geographical diversity shape vaccine efficacy?Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- Inflammation and emotion regulation: a narrative review of evidence and mechanisms in emotion dysregulation disorders.Neuronal signaling · 2023Review
- The Effect of Psychological Factors on COVID-19 Vaccination Side Effects: A Cross-Sectional Survey in South Korea.Psychiatry investigation · 2023Article
- Hair cortisol is not associated with reactogenicity after MMR-vaccination in 6-month-old infants.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Effect of anxiety and depression on self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The immunomodulatory effect of lithium as a mechanism of action in bipolar disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Psychoneuroimmunology in the time of COVID-19: Why neuro-immune interactions matter for mental and physical health.Behaviour research and therapy · 2022Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system is commonly accompanied by a set of behavioural, psychological and physiological changes known as 'sickness behaviour'. In animals, infection-related sickness symptoms are significantly increased by exposure to psychosocial stress, suggesting that psychological and immune stressors may operate through similar pathways to induce sickness. We used a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled design to examine the effect of acute psychological stress on immune and subjective mood responses to typhoid vaccination in 59 men. Volunteers were assigned to one of four experimental conditions in which they were either injected with typhoid vaccine or saline placebo, and then either rested or completed two challenging behavioural tasks. Typhoid vaccine induced a significant rise in participants' serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and this response was significantly larger in the stress versus rest conditions. Negative mood increased immediately post-tasks, an effect also more pronounced in the vaccine/stress condition. In the vaccine/stress group, participants with larger IL-6 responses had heightened systolic blood pressure responses to tasks and elevated post-stress salivary levels of the noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-phenyl glycol (MHPG) and cortisol. Our findings suggest that, as seen in animals, psychological and immune stressors may act synergistically to promote inflammation and sickness behaviour in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.