ArticleImmunity2008
Commensal DNA limits regulatory T cell conversion and is a natural adjuvant of intestinal immune responses.
Article in Immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 271 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
271 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 482 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do proton pump inhibitors alter the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients? A meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- The alpha-gal syndrome: Understanding the role of tick bites, and the delays in severe anaphylaxis.Allergy and asthma proceedings · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Striking a balance: how the gut microbiome shapes the fate of intestinal CD4+ T cells.Discovery immunology · 2026Review
- The multifaceted role of sirtuins in inflammatory bowel diseases.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2025Review
- The Immunology of Alpha-Gal Syndrome: History, Tick Bites, IgE, and Delayed Anaphylaxis to Mammalian Meat.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Immunoglobulin A controls intestinal virus colonization to preserve immune homeostasis.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- The Gut Microbiome Advances Precision Medicine and Diagnostics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Gut instinct: harnessing the power of probiotics to tame pathogenic signaling pathways in ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- NOD2-mediated dual negative regulation of inflammatory responses triggered by TLRs in the gastrointestinal tract.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review of yeast culture concerning the interactions between gut microbiota and young ruminant animals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Pathogenesis and precision medicine for predicting response in inflammatory bowel disease: advances and future directions.eGastroenterology · 2024Review
- Factors Influencing Microbiota in Modulating Vaccine Immune Response: A Long Way to Go.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Mechanistic Insights into Immune-Microbiota Interactions and Preventive Role of Probiotics Against Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Review
- Baseline Gut Microbiome Signatures Correlate with Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Gas6 ameliorates intestinal mucosal immunosenescence to prevent the translocation of a gut pathobiont, Klebsiella pneumoniae, to the liver.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Catabolism ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in the Era of Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
211 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The intestinal tract is in intimate contact with the commensal microflora. Nevertheless, how commensals communicate with cells to ensure immune homeostasis is still unclear. In this study, we found that gut flora DNA (gfDNA) plays a major role in intestinal homeostasis through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) engagement. Tlr9(-/-) mice displayed increased frequencies of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells within intestinal effector sites and reduced constitutive IL-17- and IFN-gamma-producing effector T (Teff) cells. Complementing this, gfDNA limited lamina propria dendritic cell-induced Treg cell conversion in vitro. Further, Treg/Teff cell disequilibrium in Tlr9(-/-) mice led to impaired immune responses to oral infection and to oral vaccination. Impaired intestinal immune responses were recapitulated in mice treated with antibiotics and were reversible after reconstitution with gfDNA. Together, these data point to gfDNA as a natural adjuvant for priming intestinal responses via modulation of Treg/Teff cell equilibrium.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.