ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2008
Schistosoma mansoni tegument protein Sm29 is able to induce a Th1-type of immune response and protection against parasite infection.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host determinants of reinfection with schistosomes in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Pooled it
- Optimization and production of a GLP-grade recombinant Sm29 vaccine against schistosomiasis: From expression to preclinical assessment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Tissue-specific and sex-biased glycoproteomic landscape of Schistosoma mansoni.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Fibrinolysis-unrelated functions of the plasminogen/plasmin system: A gateway to successful parasitism?Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- TRPV1+ neurons promote cutaneous immunity against Schistosoma mansoni.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Topical AuNPs-Cys-Sm29 gel modulates the course of lesion development in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Therapeutic challenges of schistosomiasis: mechanisms of action and current limitations.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles From Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worms Stimulate IL-10 Release by B Cells.Parasite immunology · 2025Article
- Pre-clinical studies of Schistosoma mansoni vaccines: A scoping review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Immunoprotective and Diagnostic Potential of Schistosoma mansoni Epitopes from Sm050890 and Sm141290 Proteins Identified Through Reverse Vaccinology.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- From cercariae to chronic inflammation: understanding schistosome infection and host immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Molecular characterization and B-cell epitope analysis of the TSP11 gene inParasitology · 2024Article
- Innovating Leishmaniasis Treatment: A Critical Chemist's Review of Inorganic Nanomaterials.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Schistosoma antigens: A future clinical magic bullet for autoimmune diseases?Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Review
- Immunological mechanisms involved in macrophage activation and polarization in schistosomiasis.Parasitology · 2023Review
- Anti-schistosomal immunity to core xylose/fucose in N-glycans.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Pattern recognition receptor signaling and innate immune responses to schistosome infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- SmTAL-9, a Member of theFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Schistosome immunomodulators.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSchistosomiasis continues to be a significant public health problem. This disease affects 200 million people worldwide and almost 800 million people are at risk of acquiring the infection. Although vaccine development against this disease has experienced more failures than successes, encouraging results have recently been obtained using membrane-spanning protein antigens from the tegument of Schistosoma mansoni. Our group recently identified Sm29, another antigen that is present at the adult worm tegument surface. In this study, we investigated murine cellular immune responses to recombinant (r) Sm29 and tested this protein as a vaccine candidate. METHODS AND
findingsWe first show that Sm29 is located on the surface of adult worms and lung-stage schistosomula through confocal microscopy. Next, immunization of mice with rSm29 engendered 51%, 60% and 50% reduction in adult worm burdens, in intestinal eggs and in liver granuloma counts, respectively (p<0.05). Protective immunity in mice was associated with high titers of specific anti-Sm29 IgG1 and IgG2a and elevated production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-12, a typical Th1 response. Gene expression analysis of worms recovered from rSm29 vaccinated mice relative to worms from control mice revealed a significant (q<0.01) down-regulation of 495 genes and up-regulation of only 22 genes. Among down-regulated genes, many of them encode surface antigens and proteins associated with immune signals, suggesting that under immune attack schistosomes reduce the expression of critical surface proteins.
conclusionThis study demonstrates that Sm29 surface protein is a new vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis and suggests that Sm29 vaccination associated with other protective critical surface antigens is the next logical strategy for improving protection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.