Trial reportObstetrics and gynecology2008
Nicotine gum for pregnant smokers: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00115687 (Nicotine Replacement Treatment for Pregnant Smokers), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nicotine Replacement Treatment for Pregnant Smokers
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Factors influencing the uptake and use of nicotine replacement therapy and e-cigarettes in pregnant women who smoke: a qualitative evidence synthesis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Potential effects of using non-combustible tobacco and nicotine products during pregnancy: a systematic review.Harm reduction journal · 2020Pooled it
- Comparison of nicotine exposure during pregnancy when smoking and abstinent with nicotine replacement therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- A systematic review of possible serious adverse health effects of nicotine replacement therapy.Archives of toxicology · 2017Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Re-starting smoking in the postpartum period after receiving a smoking cessation intervention: a systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Pooled it
- A systematic review of the quality of reporting in published smoking cessation trials for pregnant women: an explanation for the evidence-practice gap?Implementation science : IS · 2014Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Does the use of ingredients added to tobacco increase cigarette addictiveness?: a detailed analysis.Inhalation toxicology · 2012Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes versus nicotine patches for smoking cessation in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.Nature medicine · 2022Trial
- Placebo-controlled trial of bupropion for smoking cessation in pregnant women.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2021Trial
- Randomized Trial of Nicotine Inhaler for Pregnant Smokers.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2019Trial
- Protocol for study of financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy (FISCP): randomised, multicentre study.BMJ open · 2016Trial
- Randomized, controlled pilot trial of bupropion for pregnant smokers: challenges and future directions.American journal of perinatology · 2015Trial
- Comparison of cotinine levels in pregnant women while smoking and when using nicotine replacement therapy.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014Trial
- Nicotine patches in pregnant smokers: randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial of efficacy.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2014Trial
- A randomized clinical trial of trans-dermal nicotine replacement in pregnant African-American smokers.Maternal and child health journal · 2013Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the safety and efficacy of treatment with 2-mg nicotine gum for smoking cessation during pregnancy.
methodsPregnant women who smoked daily received individualized behavioral counseling and random assignment to a 6-week treatment with 2-mg nicotine gum or placebo followed by a 6-week taper period. Women who did not quit smoking were instructed to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked by substituting with gum. Measures of tobacco exposure were obtained throughout the study.
resultsParticipants in the nicotine (n = 100) and placebo (n = 94) groups were comparable in age, race/ethnicity, and smoking history. Biochemically validated smoking-cessation rates were not significantly higher with nicotine gum compared with placebo (after 6 weeks of treatment: 13% compared with 9.6%, P=.45; at 32-34 weeks of gestation: 18% compared with 14.9%, P=.56). Using a completer analysis, nicotine gum significantly reduced the number of cigarettes smoked per day (nicotine gum: -5.7 [standard deviation (SD)=6.0]; placebo: -3.5 [SD=5.7], P=.035), and cotinine concentration (nicotine gum: -249 ng/mL [SD=397]; placebo: -112 ng/mL [SD=333]; P=.04). Birth weights were significantly greater with nicotine gum compared with placebo (3,287 g [SD=566] and 2,950 g [SD=653], respectively, P<.001). Gestational age was also greater with nicotine-replacement therapy than with placebo (38.9 weeks [SD=1.7] and 38.0 weeks [SD=3.3], respectively; P=.014).
conclusionAlthough nicotine gum did not increase quit rates, use of nicotine gum increased birth weight and gestational age, two key parameters in predicting neonatal wellbeing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.