ReviewClinical & developmental immunology2008
Neonatal and infantile immune responses to encapsulated bacteria and conjugate vaccines.
Review in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection in Neonates: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Burden of Invasive Meningococcal Disease: Evolving Epidemiology and Implications for Prevention Policy.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- A randomized prospective study of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity in The Gambia and Papua New Guinea.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Disease burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis meningitis in children and adolescents: A population-based study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Active tuberculosis disease in pregnancy alters frequencies of B-cell subsets among exposed neonates in Uganda.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Splenectomy revisited in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in the era of HSCT and gene therapy: a bridge, a rescue, or simply obsolete?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: Mechanism, regulation, and related diseases.MedComm · 2024Review
- Glycan Microarrays Containing Synthetic Streptococcus pneumoniae CPS Fragments and Their Application to Vaccine Development.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- The PD-1 Regulatory Axis Inhibits T Cell-Independent B Cell Memory Generation and Reactivation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Review
- The immune system in infants: Relevance to xenotransplantation.Pediatric transplantation · 2020Review
- Improving vaccines againstProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- CD22 Promotes B-1b Cell Responses to T Cell-Independent Type 2 Antigens.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Article
- Decreased production of class-switched antibodies in neonatal B cells is associated with increased expression of miR-181b.PloS one · 2018Article
- Surgical site infections in neonates are independently associated with longer hospitalizations.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2017Article
- Combined treatment with chlorhexidine and 0·9% saline in a newborn infant with an infected surgical wound.International wound journal · 2016Article
- Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Boosted Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses Following Secondary Challenge with Intact Gram-Negative versus Gram-Positive Extracellular Bacteria.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Encapsulated bacteria are responsible for the majority of mortality among neonates and infants. The major components on the surface of these bacteria are polysaccharides which are important virulence factors. Immunity against these components protects against disease. However, most of the polysaccharides are thymus-independent (TI)-2 antigens which induce an inadequate immune response in neonates and infants. The mechanisms that are thought to play a role in the unresponsiveness of this age group to TI-2 stimuli will be discussed. The lack of immune response may be overcome by conjugating the polysaccharides to a carrier protein. This transforms bacterial polysaccharides from a TI-2 antigen into a thymus-dependent (TD) antigen, thereby inducing an immune response and immunological memory in neonates and infants. Such conjugated vaccines have been shown to be effective against the most common causes of invasive disease caused by encapsulated bacteria in neonates and children. These and several other approaches in current vaccine development will be discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.