Trial reportHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2008
Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial.
Trial report in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 249 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of human hypertension · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Common genetic variations in the vitamin D pathway in relation to blood pressure.American journal of hypertension · 2014Pooled it
- Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2014Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Vitamin D and risk of future hypertension: meta-analysis of 283,537 participants.European journal of epidemiology · 2013Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic review: Vitamin D and cardiometabolic outcomes.Annals of internal medicine · 2010Pooled it
- Vitamin D status and arterial hypertension: a systematic review.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2009Pooled it
- ASH Position Paper: Dietary approaches to lower blood pressure.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2009Guideline
- Trial
- The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplements on blood pressure in postmenopausal women: myth or reality?Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Effects of a multi-modal resistance exercise program and calcium-vitamin DEuropean journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Calcium and vitamin D supplementation do not influence menopause-related symptoms: Results of the Women's Health Initiative Trial.Maturitas · 2015Trial
- Effect of vitamin D, calcium and multiple micronutrients supplementation on lipid profile in pre-menopausal Bangladeshi garment factory workers with hypovitaminosis D.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2014Trial
- Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, [corrected] controlled trial (SYSDIET).European journal of nutrition · 2014Trial
- Cardiovascular effects of cholecalciferol treatment in dialysis patients--a randomized controlled trial.BMC nephrology · 2014Trial
- A prospective study of plasma vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and risk of hypertension in men.European journal of nutrition · 2013Trial
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that calcium and vitamin D supplements may lower blood pressure. We examined the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative Calcium/Vitamin D Trial randomly assigned 36 282 postmenopausal women to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Change in blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension were ascertained. Over a median follow-up time of 7 years, there was no significant difference in the mean change over time in systolic blood pressure (0.22 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.49 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.11 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.27 mm Hg) between the active and placebo treatment groups. This null result was robust in analyses accounting for nonadherence to study pills and in baseline subgroups of interest, including black subjects and women with hypertension or high levels of blood pressure, with low intakes of calcium and vitamin D or low serum levels of vitamin D. In 17 122 nonhypertensive participants at baseline, the hazard ratio for incident hypertension associated with calcium/vitamin D treatment was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.06.) In postmenopausal women, calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation did not reduce either blood pressure or the risk of developing hypertension over 7 years of follow-up.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.