ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2008
Exploration of the effectiveness of social distancing on respiratory pathogen transmission implicates environmental contributions.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2011Pooled it
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: systematic review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2009Pooled it
- Impact of social distancing on the spread of common respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease outbreak.PloS one · 2021Article
- Adenovirus Type 4 Respiratory Infections among Civilian Adults, Northeastern United States, 2011-2015Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Clinical Features and Courses of Adenovirus Pneumonia in Healthy Young Adults during an Outbreak among Korean Military Personnel.PloS one · 2017Article
- Risk factors for febrile respiratory illness and mono-viral infections in a semi-closed military environment: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2015Review
- Human rhinoviruses.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2013Review
- Association between barracks type and acute respiratory infection in a gender integrated Army basic combat training population.Military medicine · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn both military and civilian settings, transmission of respiratory pathogens may be due to person-to-person and environmental contributions. This possibility was explored in a military training setting, where rates of febrile respiratory illness (FRI) often reach epidemic levels.
methodsPopulation size and FRI rates were monitored over 10 months in the units of 50-90 individuals. Some units were open to the influx of potentially infectious convalescents (hereafter referred to as "open units," and some were closed to such an influx (hereafter referred to as "closed units"). Virologic testing and polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to detect adenovirus on surface structures.
resultsThe odds ratio (OR) associated with FRI in closed units, compared with open units, was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.28). The OR in units with a population greater than the median size, compared with units with a population lower than the median size was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.23-1.55). Between 5% and 9% of surface samples obtained from selected units harbored viable adenovirus.
conclusionsFRI rates were not reduced in units that were closed to potentially contagious individuals. These findings imply that the primary source of the pathogen is likely environmental rather than human, and they underscore what is known about other virus types. Diligence in identifying the relative roles of different transmission routes is suggested for civilian settings similar to those described in the current study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.