ArticleEukaryotic cell2009
Biofilm formation by Pneumocystis spp.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Axenic Long-Term Cultivation ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dermatophytic Biofilms: Characteristics, Significance and Treatment Approaches.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Genetic Mouse Models of Pneumocystis Pneumonia.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Research progress of the biosynthetic strains and pathways of bacterial cellulose.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2022Review
- Nanotechnology in combating biofilm: A smart and promising therapeutic strategy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- The Persistent Challenge of Pneumocystis Growth Outside the Mammalian Lung: Past and Future Approaches.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Efficacy of Double-Dose Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) and Associated Co-infections: A Report of Three Cases and Retrospective Chart Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Characterization of Pneumocystis murina Bgl2, an Endo-β-1,3-Glucanase and Glucanosyltransferase.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Precision Medicine: The Role of the MSIDS Model in Defining, Diagnosing, and Treating Chronic Lyme Disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome and Other Chronic Illness: Part 2.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- The trophic life cycle stage of Pneumocystis species induces protective adaptive responses without inflammation-mediated progression to pneumonia.Medical mycology · 2018Article
- A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2018Review
- Gene Expression of Pneumocystis murina after Treatment with Anidulafungin Results in Strong Signals for Sexual Reproduction, Cell Wall Integrity, and Cell Cycle Arrest, Indicating a Requirement for Ascus Formation for Proliferation.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for control of microbial biofilms: a review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2018Review
- The Trophic Life Cycle Stage of the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Pneumocystis murina Hinders the Ability of Dendritic Cells To Stimulate CD4Infection and immunity · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pneumocystis spp. can cause a lethal pneumonia in hosts with debilitated immune systems. The manner in which these fungal infections spread throughout the lung, the life cycles of the organisms, and their strategies used for survival within the mammalian host are largely unknown, due in part to the lack of a continuous cultivation method. Biofilm formation is one strategy used by microbes for protection against environmental assaults, for communication and differentiation, and as foci for dissemination. We posited that the attachment and growth of Pneumocystis within the lung alveoli is akin to biofilm formation. An in vitro system comprised of insert wells suspended in multiwell plates containing supplemented RPMI 1640 medium supported biofilm formation by P. carinii (from rat) and P. murina (from mouse). Dramatic morphological changes accompanied the transition to a biofilm. Cyst and trophic forms became highly refractile and produced branching formations that anastomosed into large macroscopic clusters that spread across the insert. Confocal microscopy revealed stacking of viable organisms enmeshed in concanavalin A-staining extracellular matrix. Biofilms matured over a 3-week time period and could be passaged. These passaged organisms were able to cause infection in immunosuppressed rodents. Biofilm formation was inhibited by farnesol, a quorum-sensing molecule in Candida spp., suggesting that a similar communication system may be operational in the Pneumocystis biofilms. Intense staining with a monoclonal antibody to the major surface glycoproteins and an increase in (1,3)-beta-D-glucan content suggest that these components contributed to the refractile properties. Identification of this biofilm process provides a tractable in vitro system that should fundamentally advance the study of Pneumocystis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.