Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2008
Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with diabetes: randomised clinical trial.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 129 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Professional Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Diabetes Management,Hypoglycemia and Glycemic Control in Insulin-requiring Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes: a Randomized Trial
Effect of Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Overweight or Obese Adults With Prediabetes
Continuous Glucose Monitor Use and Perinatal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Maternal Continuous Glucose Monitoring Surveillance Compared to Finger-stick Glucose Monitoring in Pregnancies With Type 2 Pregestational Diabetes
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effect of continuous glucose monitoring on neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Mapping research trends in shared decision-making for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bibliometric study.Frontiers in health services · 2026Pooled it
- Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society and European Society of Endocrinology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Guideline
- Relationship Between Improvements in Glycemic Control and Risk of Pregnancy Complications in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Metaregression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Intensive Glucose Management.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Pooled it
- The efficacy of using continuous glucose monitoring as a behaviour change tool in populations with and without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Pooled it
- A core outcome set for the treatment of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes: an international consensus study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Effectiveness of Different Technologies for Diabetes in Pregnancy: Systematic Literature Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre-existing diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre-existing diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Different intensities of glycaemic control for pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Continuous glucose monitoring systems for type 1 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring Feedback in the Subsequent Development of Gestational Diabetes: A Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Trial in Pregnant Women.American journal of perinatology · 2024Trial
- Which growth standards should be used to identify large- and small-for-gestational age infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes? A pre-specified analysis of the CONCEPTT trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Trial
- Reduction in HbA1c using professional flash glucose monitoring in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients managed in primary and secondary care settings: A pilot, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.Diabetes & vascular disease research · 2019Trial
- Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT): a multicentre international randomised controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2017Trial
- CONCEPTT: Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Women with Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial: A multi-center, multi-national, randomized controlled trial - Study protocol.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2016Trial
- Effect of treatment guidance using a retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system on glycaemic control in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.The Journal of international medical research · 2016Trial
- Effect of a CGMS and SMBG on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized Controlled Trial.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- The effect of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.Diabetes care · 2013Trial
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy on maternal glycaemic control, infant birth weight, and risk of macrosomia in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
designProspective, open label randomised controlled trial.
settingTwo secondary care multidisciplinary obstetric clinics for diabetes in the United Kingdom.
participants71 women with type 1 diabetes (n=46) or type 2 diabetes (n=25) allocated to antenatal care plus continuous glucose monitoring (n=38) or to standard antenatal care (n=33).
interventionContinuous glucose monitoring was used as an educational tool to inform shared decision making and future therapeutic changes at intervals of 4-6 weeks during pregnancy. All other aspects of antenatal care were equal between the groups.
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was maternal glycaemic control during the second and third trimesters from measurements of HbA(1c) levels every four weeks. Secondary outcomes were birth weight and risk of macrosomia using birthweight standard deviation scores and customised birthweight centiles. Statistical analyses were done on an intention to treat basis.
resultsWomen randomised to continuous glucose monitoring had lower mean HbA(1c) levels from 32 to 36 weeks' gestation compared with women randomised to standard antenatal care: 5.8% (SD 0.6) v 6.4% (SD 0.7). Compared with infants of mothers in the control arm those of mothers in the intervention arm had decreased mean birthweight standard deviation scores (0.9 v 1.6; effect size 0.7 SD, 95% confidence interval 0.0 to 1.3), decreased median customised birthweight centiles (69% v 93%), and a reduced risk of macrosomia (odds ratio 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.98).
conclusionContinuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy is associated with improved glycaemic control in the third trimester, lower birth weight, and reduced risk of macrosomia.
trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN84461581.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.