ArticleBMC infectious diseases2008
Empyema associated with community-acquired pneumonia: a Pediatric Investigator's Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Associated With Pneumonia Severity in Children: A Systematic Review.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2018Pooled it
- The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2011Guideline
- Performance of the Xpert Xpress Strep A for detection ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by effusion: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Article
- Animal Models ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Pleural Tap-Guided Antimicrobial Treatment for Pneumonia with Parapneumonic Effusion or Pleural Empyema in Children: A Single-Center Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Infectious pleural effusion status and treatment progress.Journal of thoracic disease · 2017Review
- Empyema due to Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 9V in a Child Immunized with 13-Valent Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine.Balkan medical journal · 2017Article
- Pneumococcal empyema and complicated pneumonias: global trends in incidence, prevalence, and serotype epidemiology.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2014Review
- Real-time polymerase chain reaction for microbiological diagnosis of parapneumonic effusions in Canadian children.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2014Article
- Aetiology of paediatric pneumonia with effusion in the Dominican Republic and the potential impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2014Article
- Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia: current pitfalls and the way forward.Infection & chemotherapy · 2013Review
- Clinical implications of pneumococcal serotypes: invasive disease potential, clinical presentations, and antibiotic resistance.Journal of Korean medical science · 2013Review
- Rapid detection of Streptococcus pyogenes in pleural fluid samples from pediatric patients with empyema.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2012Article
- Evolving epidemiologic characteristics of invasive group a streptococcal disease in Utah, 2002-2010.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2012Article
- Cost-effectiveness of 2 + 1 dosing of 13-valent and 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Bacterial causes of empyema in children, Australia, 2007-2009.Emerging infectious diseases · 2011Article
- Comparative effectiveness of pleural drainage procedures for the treatment of complicated pneumonia in childhood.Journal of hospital medicine · 2011Article
- Pneumococcal serotypes causing pneumonia with pleural effusion in pediatric patients.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the incidence of serious morbidity with childhood pneumonia has decreased over time, empyema as a complication of community-acquired pneumonia continues to be an important clinical problem. We reviewed the epidemiology and clinical management of empyema at 8 pediatric hospitals in a period before the widespread implementation of universal infant heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine programs in Canada.
methodsHealth records for children<18 years admitted from 1/1/00-31/12/03 were searched for ICD-9 code 510 or ICD-10 code J869 (Empyema). Empyema was defined as at least one of: thoracentesis with microbial growth from pleural fluid, or no pleural fluid growth but compatible chemistry or cell count, or radiologist diagnosis, or diagnosis at surgery. Patients with empyemas secondary to chest trauma, thoracic surgery or esophageal rupture were excluded. Data was retrieved using a standard form with a data dictionary.
results251 children met inclusion criteria; 51.4% were male. Most children were previously healthy and those<or=5 years of age comprised 57% of the cases. The median length of hospitalization was 9 days. Admissions occurred in all months but peaked in winter. Oxygen supplementation was required in 77% of children, 75% had chest tube placement and 33% were admitted to an intensive care unit. While similarity in use of pain medication, antipyretics and antimicrobial use was observed, a wide variation in number of chest radiographs and invasive procedures (thoracentesis, placement of chest tubes) was observed between centers. The most common organism found in normally sterile samples (blood, pleural fluid, lung biopsy) was Streptococcus pneumoniae.
conclusionEmpyema occurs most commonly in children under five years and is associated with considerable morbidity. Variation in management by center was observed. Enhanced surveillance using molecular methods could improve diagnosis and public health planning, particularly with regard to the relationship between immunization programs and the epidemiology of empyema associated with community-acquired pneumonia in children.
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